Objective: The objective of this research was to review the literature, compare different methods of surgical treatment for coronoid hyperplasia and report a clinical case of unilateral coronoid hyperplasia treated by coronoidectomy with intraoral access. Methods: A critical review of the literature was performed by selection of papers published in the last 20 years on the treatment of coronoid in adults in the PubMed, Medline, Scielo and Lilacs databases, with the terms coronoid hyperplasia OR coronoid elongation AND treatment OR management. The data was extracted for analysis. Results: twenty-four articles were selected. It included 42 patients, among them 69% were male patients and 81% were bilaterally affected. The age group with the highest prevalence was the people in the 20's and 30's. Sixty-nine percent of the patients were treated with coronoidectomy and 26.2% with coronoidotomy. The majority (83.3%) with intraoral access. No cases had surgical complications reported, and 71.4% underwent physiotherapy after surgery. Regarding the results, 83.3% were considered satisfactory, 11.9% were unsatisfactory. Conclusion: The great majority of the cases that brought significant results in the improvement of the pre and postoperative mouth opening were treated by coronoidectomy, proving to be an efficient and safe surgical treatment for the coronoid hyperplasia.