La relación del saber aleatorio con el contexto hace parte del bagaje para enfrentarse a las necesidades actuales de la sociedad. El objetivo del trabajo es caracterizar el uso de la matemática realista y su relación en el aprendizaje de la probabilidad, en el contexto rural. Metodológicamente, el diseño es el de una investigación acción, estructurado en cinco ciclos: identificar el problema, crear el plan, ejecutarlo, retroalimentar y caracterizar dicho proceso. Luego, se hizo uso de la observación, diario de campo, encuesta, cuestionario y entrevista no estructurada como las técnicas e instrumentos para la recolección de los datos. De este modo, se patentizó diferentes obstáculos en algunas secciones, lo cuales fueron superados con la matemática realista de una manera gradual y sistemática, es por ello, que se pudo concluir que esta teoría de la educación matemática impacta positivamente en el proceso de aprendizaje probabilístico por las divergentes habilidades que desarrolla para la resolución de problemas inherentes del entorno.
Background: As statistics has pragmatic effects in other sectors, this work argues for proposing teaching-learning strategies based on real situations. Objectives: Characterise probability learning in a rural environment with realistic mathematics education. Design: Of a qualitative nature with an action-participatory research design, through five methodological phases. Setting and participants: Students from rural areas of the department of Córdoba-Colombia, the mathematics education teacher of that department, and the research group. Data collection and analysis: The qualitative data were grouped into categories of realistic mathematics education. Results: The research revealed that the students present interpretive, theoretical, and algorithmic difficulties. It also highlighted that realistic mathematics education reflects human activity in the statistical learning process. Conclusions: The contextualised problems allow students to reach meaningful knowledge. Besides, the teacher cooperates in formalising learning due to its structuring, systematisation, and regularisation under the realistic mathematics education criteria.
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