Few studies have explored how schools respond to competition in socially embedded education quasi-markets. This study focuses on how state-subsidized privately-run low-fee schools (S-LFPSs) compete with free public schools in some of the poorest neighborhoods of the City of Buenos Aires. In particular, we explore how S-LFPSs follow different logics of action to attract (and shape) enrollment profiting from their extended autonomy and some regulatory gaps. We applied discourse analysis on data from eight months of ethnographic case study research in nine S-LFPSs. Student selection and operational changes (e.g., increasing the student/teacher ratio) prevail over academic and curricular changes. Selection is operated by means of aptitude tests and screening interviews, and other symbolic artifacts aimed at signaling differences with state-run schools and the potential fit between schools and families. We present a heuristic typology of the different logics of action systematizing the schools’ responses as their leading orientations toward the competitive environment. We suggest that policy inconsistencies and deficient governmental oversight tilt the field against state-run schools. Rather than ensuring equality of educational opportunity, the policy contributes to shape and deepen a highly segregated and inequitable educational landscape.
(descriptivo): Desde hace más de una década, se observa en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires un notorio crecimiento de la población de niños y niñas de edades entre 0 a 3 años, con escolarización. En este estudio aportamos evidencia estadística corroborando un relevante incremento de las vacantes disponibles, la privatización de la matrícula y la persistencia de una elevada demanda insatisfecha.
Proponemos un andamiaje conceptual para contribuir a responder una pregunta central: ¿cuáles son los cambios culturales y demográficos que están implícitos en el reclamo por más bebés con escolarización? Centramos el estudio en este proceso como emergente de un cambio de época, con nuevas concepciones de infancia y adultez. Por medio del concepto cultura prefigurativa, de Margaret Mead, arriesgamos algunas hipótesis sobre el deterioro del valor del sacrificio adulto‒ paterno.
Palabras clave: Población en edad escolar, educación de la primera infancia, educación privada,Argentina (Tesauro de Ciencias Sociales de la Unesco).
Palabras clave autores: Cultura prefigurativa.
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