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According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2006), cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Deaths from cancer are projected to continue rising, with an estimated 9 million people dying from cancer in 2015 and 11.4 million dying in 2030 (WHO 2006). Delayed presentation or late diagnosis of cancer is associated with low survival. The aim of this review is to identify factors associated with delayed presentation of cancer that were reported by previous studies. Published studies which identified the most common factors attributed to the late presentation of cancer were reviewed. Publications were identified using MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), the Cochrane Library, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database) databases. A Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. A data extraction sheet was used to systematically record relevant factors. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria which identified factors associated with patients' delay including patients' knowledge, stress and fear, and nature of the disease. Other factors were attributed to health providers such as general practitioner (GP) experience, referral delay, and a younger age group being considered as low risk, so symptoms were missed.

This article employs a critical psycho-discursive approach to social identity processes and subjectivity in an important and under-researched area; the psychological impact of domestic violence on children. We use a case study of interview interaction with two teenage brothers talking about their father's past violent behaviour to show that a highly idealised, dominant form of hegemonic masculinity -'heroic protection discourse' (HPD) -was a major organising principle framing both brothers' understandings of events. However, significant differences occurred in how each boy identified and made sense of self and others within this discourse. We discuss our findings in terms of (1) the destructive power of HPD to position sons as responsible for a father's violent behaviour (2) the utility of our approach for developing a better understanding of when, if or why psychological and behavioural problems associated with domestic violence are likely to develop in a particular child. In so doing, we hope to contribute to theoretical debates in social psychology on identity and subjectivity by showing how it is possible to make sense of the 'collision' between structure and agency through the study of social interaction.

Recent years have seen a renewed popular interest in school meals, following criticism that they lacked adequate nutritional value. Underlying this is an apparent concern with civilising children: feeding them the right types of food will ensure they are properly shaped and disciplined, becoming competent social actors. Current discourses often suggest a picture of two distinct and competing sets of actors: one (the state) has power to impose its will and the other (children and families) are subject to this or can at best resist, in a context in which nutrition is one of the means by which civility is inculcated. In this article, we examine the involvement of multiple social actors in three aspects of the school meals system. First, we consider the rational, bureaucratic, McDonaldised process by which the state and other powerful actors seek to shape meal provisioning; second, we discuss the ways in which school meals are served and organised ‘on the ground’ by catering staff and dinner ladies; and third, we examine how children use food and the spaces provided to manage relationships. We conclude by arguing that the power relations embedded in these practices go beyond the ‘orthodoxy’ of domination and resistance: first, they are tempered by subtle practices of supplementation and amelioration, and second, there are always gaps and tensions within and between concepts and practices of civility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.