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2. The high school dropout rate, for instance, only reflects variation in the outcomes of lowachieving students. Students' self-selecting into the tests generates incurable biases when the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) or ACT (formerly known as the American College Testing Program) is used for comparisons over time or across schools. The SAT and ACT also only reflect variation in the outcomes of high-achieving students. High school grades have been shown to be relative measures that cannot be compared successfully across schools.