Optical tomography is being developed as a means of detecting and specifying disease in the adult female breast. We present a series of clinical three-dimensional optical images obtained with a 32-channel time-resolved system and a liquid-coupled interface. Patients place their breasts in a hemispherical cup to which sources and detectors are coupled, and the remaining space is filled with a highly scattering fluid. A cohort of 38 patients has been scanned, with a variety of benign and malignant lesions. Images show that hypervascularization associated with tumors provides very high contrast due to increased absorption by hemoglobin. Only half of the fibroadenomas scanned could be observed, but of those that could be detected, all but one revealed an apparent increase in blood volume and a decrease in scatter and oxygen saturation.

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Background: Obesity and physical activity are modifiable risk factors in the development of postmenopausal breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness and prevalence of these factors in women attending family history clinics.

. (1978). Thorax, 33,[85][86][87][88] (Miller and Serjeant, 1971). Alveolar-capillary sickling and haemoconcentration (sludging), and possible differences in reactivity of normal adult haemoglobin and sickle haemoglobin with the test gas, might affect the single breath carbon monoxide transfer factor. The clinical importance of these factors has been assessed by examination of the relationships of lung function with body dimension, haemoglobin concentration, and haemoglobin type, and a system has been evolved for the interpretation of lung function in the sickle-cell states.