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Early diagnosis of dyslexia enables the provision of appropriate support. Support should be tailored to individuals' needs. Disclosure can cause anxiety, and the attitude of educators and clinical colleagues towards students with dyslexia affects students' experiences. Students with dyslexia are aware of their professional responsibilities. Professional and legislative guidance provides information for those working with students who have a disability.

The aim of this article is to help you to explore effective communication in relation to the needs of older people.After reading this article and completing the time out activities you should be able to:  Describe the particular needs of the older person in relation to communication  Describe the need to explore how our own values and beliefs might impact on communication with older people  Discuss the changes associated with ageing which might impact on communication  Outline the influence of ageism on communication with older people  Summarise ways in which communication could be developed positively in practice with older people Relevance to the Code The Code: Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for Nurses and Midwives (Nursing & Midwifery Council (NMC) 2015) is made up of four themes and nurses are encouraged to apply these to their practice: Prioritise people, practise effectively, preserve safety and promote professionalism and trust. This article relates to The Code in the following ways:  The Code states that nurse should listen to people and respond to their concerns. This article provides information that nurses can use to develop their communication practice to help older people feel listened to and valued by nurses. Information is provided in this article about the particular needs of older people so that nurses can communicate clearly, a main aspect of effective practice as outlined in The Code. The Code states that nurse must preserve patient and public safety. This article supports nurses to communicate effectively with older people so that they can recognise situations which might put older people at risk and take appropriate action. This article supports the development of communication competencies which nurses can role model to others, with a view to developing communication with older people. Acting as a role model is a way of promoting professionalism, a major theme of The Code.

Two patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) showed tics triggered by external stimuli. This unusual feature is of significance to the aetiology of GTS and in particular the relationship between GTS and the startle response.

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