Background Relapsing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with lower cure rates and more hemodialysis (HD) transfers, as catheter removal is recommended in these situations. The aim of our study was to evaluate the continuation of PD without perioperative transfer to HD in patients who underwent a simultaneous catheter removal and replacement for relapsing peritonitis. Methods This was a retrospective monocentric study. Patients with simultaneous catheter removal and replacement for relapsing peritonitis or peritonitis at high risk of relapse (fungal or Pseudomonas infection) between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016 were included. The events of interest were the continuation of PD without perioperative transfer to HD, postoperative complications, new infection with the same organism, and technique survival. Results Of the 271 incident patients in PD during this period, 11 had a simultaneous catheter removal and replacement for relapsing peritonitis ( 8 ) or high risk of relapse peritonitis ( 3 ). Eight (72.7%) patients pursued PD without transfer to HD. Six infections were due to microorganisms other than gram-positive cocci. At 1 year, 7 (63.6%) of the 11 patients were still on PD. After the surgery, there were no peritonitis or catheter-related infections caused by the same organism. Conclusion Simultaneous catheter removal and replacement for peritonitis appears to be an effective procedure for maintaining patients on PD.