Context: Sex differences in landing biomechanics play a role in increased rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes. Exercising to various states of fatigue may negatively affect landing mechanics, resulting in a higher injury risk, but research is inconclusive regarding sex differences in response to fatigue.Objective: To use the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), a valid clinical movement-analysis tool, to determine the effects of exercise on the landing biomechanics of males and females.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-six (18 men, 18 women) healthy college-aged athletes (members of varsity, club, or intramural teams) with no history of ACL injury or prior participation in an ACL injury-prevention program.Intervention(s): Participants were videotaped performing 3 jump-landing trials before and after performance of a functional, sportlike exercise protocol consisting of repetitive sprinting, jumping, and cutting tasks.Main Outcome Measure(s): Landing technique was evaluated using the LESS. A higher LESS score indicates more errors. The mean of the 3 LESS scores in each condition (preexercise and postexercise) was used for statistical analysis.Results: Women scored higher on the LESS (6.3 6 1.9) than men (5.0 6 2.3) regardless of time (P ¼ .04). Postexercise scores (6.3 6 2.1) were higher than preexercise scores (5.0 6 2.1) for both sexes (P ¼ .01), but women were not affected to a greater degree than men (P ¼ .62).Conclusions: As evidenced by their higher LESS scores, females demonstrated more errors in landing technique than males, which may contribute to their increased rate of ACL injury. Both sexes displayed poor technique after the exercise protocol, which may indicate that participants experience a higher risk of ACL injury in the presence of fatigue. Women consistently demonstrated higher Landing Error Scoring System scores than men, committing more errors in landing technique both before and after exercise. The Landing Error Scoring System scores for both sexes increased after exercise, indicating that both males and females were more likely to demonstrate high-risk landing mechanics when fatigued. A relatively short period of intense exercise was sufficient to cause detrimental changes in landing mechanics.

BackgroundFlossing includes wrapping a specialized latex band around a muscle group providing compression, partially occluding blood flow, followed by performing exercises. This is hypothesized to improve flexibility by dissipating myofascial adhesions; however, research is lacking. ObjectiveTo determine the effect of the application of a floss band to the thigh on hamstring flexibility and lower extremity power.

Sustainable Project Based Learning (SPBL), an approach which sustains on the root depth learning of concepts and can help to improve the ability of the students, to develop cognitive and socio-emotional skills. These skills, are the need of the hour and are required, to be successful in academics and also in professional life. The present educational system emphasizes more on the theory, and less attention is given for practicals and SPBL.In project-based learning (PBL), the teachers' guide the students, in applying the engineering design concepts, and the students work in a team, to find the solution for the problem. The innovative educational proposal, presented in this paper is a sustainable project-based learning approach, which allows the students to develop their technical competencies, through real problem-solving situations.Students are made into teams to carry out mini-project, based on a real problem that requires intellectual understanding. Suggestions were taken through google forms. The suggestions described that the implementation of a project in the earlier stages of Engineering would be extremely beneficial. We have considered a thermodynamic problem as an example scenario for infusing sustainable project-based learning. The same approach can be followed by other subjects in other academic years.The students of 3 rd -year 2 nd semester were allocated a project and assessed based on report writing and presentation. The results were productive and thus enhanced the essence of learning new concepts through a practical approach and has benefitted a lot of students. In future times, it does hold a great position in imparting technical education and a learning environment to future engineers.

Biomass is an important source of energy and fuel worldwide after coal, oil and natural gas. These fossil fuels do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources like biomass energy. Oil extracted from biomass is considered as an attractive option. In our project, we have specifically selected coconut shells as our feed as they are carbon-neutral, easy to store and abundantly available. Coconut shell also known as Cocos Nucifera shell in biological terms, once a discarded outer hardcover is now a product of great demand. Coconut shell charcoal is used as domestic and industrial fuel. This is obtained by various techniques. Initially, the shells are burned at high temperature and condensed to extract bio-oil using a series of unit operations and processes such as distillation, gas chromatography. These samples are then sent for analysis to compare them with the conventional fuel sources and then antimicrobial activity is examined. The medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil have antimicrobial properties that can help protect against harmful microorganisms. Lauric acid and capric acid are known to have potent antimicrobial properties. Different bacterial cultures have been introduced later to test the ability of the oil to resist the harmful microorganisms and fungal cultures. Various analysis such as Infrared Spectroscopy, Gas-Mass Spectroscopy and Ultimate analysis are performed on the retrieved samples of oil extracted from the coconut shells. It is to be observed that the carbon content in the Cocos nucifera derived oil is less than the conventional diesel oil which makes it best for environmental uses.