Land-use change has a significant influence on runoff process of any watershed, and the deepening of this theme is essential to assist decision making, within the scope of water resources management. The study was conducted for Mundaú River Basin (MRB) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The study aims to assess the issue of land-use change and its effect on evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and sediment yield. Input data like land use, topography, weather, and soil data features are required to undertake watershed simulation. Two scenarios of land use were analyzed over 30 years, which were: a regeneration scenario (referring to use in the year 1987) and another scene of degradation (relating to use in the year 2017). Land use maps for 1987 and 2017 were acquired from satellite images. Overall, during the last three decades, 76.4% of forest was lost in the MRB. The grazing land increased in 2017 at a few more than double the area that existed in 1987. Changes in land use, over the years, resulted in an increase of about 37% in the water yield of MRB. Changes have led to increased processes such as surface runoff and sediment yield and in the decrease of evapotranspiration. The spatial and temporal distribution of land use controls the water balance and sediment production in the MRB.
O Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) é um modelo hidrossedimentológico que tem como foco principal avaliar os impactos das modificações no uso do solo sobre a qualidade e quantidade de água em bacias hidrográficas. Para que essas avaliações sejam adequadas, considerando a representatividade dos processos simulados pelo modelo, faz-se necessário a realização do procedimento de calibração. Muitos modeladores encontram grande desafio nesta etapa imprescindível da modelagem. Há uma grande variedade de parâmetros a serem considerados, diferentes algoritmos, bem como diferentes funções objetivas. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o fato de que o tempo de processamento pode ser alto, quando se considera bacias hidrográficas representativas, como é o caso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco, Brasil (639.219km²). Para atender a demanda de criação de um modelo de gestão integrada de águas para países BIS (Brasil, Índia e África do Sul) sob cenários de mudanças climáticas, a bacia do São Francisco foi calibrada. Esta nota científica objetiva fornecer uma visão do procedimento de calibração e confiabilidade do modelo, utilizando dados de vazão em tempo mensal no período de 1961 a 2016 para a bacia do São Francisco. O modelo SWAT calibrado para a bacia do Rio São Francisco pode ser utilizado para análises de cenários de mudanças climáticas e seus impactos sobre a disponibilidade hídrica da bacia, subsidiando assim, a tomada de decisão sobre os recursos hídricos, e a criação do modelo de gestão integrada com os demais países do BIS.Palavras-chave: modelagem hidrológica, SWAT-CUP, BIS Calibration technique for modeling the São Francisco watershed, Brazil, using SWAT A B S T R A C TThe Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a hydrosedimentological model whose main focus is to evaluate the impacts of changes in land use on the quality and quantity of water in watersheds. For these evaluations to be adequate, considering the representativeness of the processes simulated by the model, it is necessary to carry out the calibration procedure. Many modelers find a great challenge in this essential stage of modelling. There are a wide variety of parameters to consider, different algorithms, as well as different objective functions. Another aspect to be highlighted is the fact that the processing time can be high, when considering representative watersheds, as is the case of the São Francisco River basin, Brazil (639,219 km²). To meet the demand for the creation of an integrated water management model for BIS countries (Brazil, India and South Africa) under climate change scenarios, the São Francisco basin was calibrated. This scientific note aims to provide an overview of the calibration procedure using flow data in a monthly time step from 1961 to 2016 in the studied basin. The SWAT model calibrated for the São Francisco River basin can be used to analyze climate change scenarios and their impacts on the water availability of the basin, thus supporting decision-making on water resources and the creation of a management model. integrated with the other BIS countries.Keywords: hydrological modeling, SWAT-CUP, BIS.
The morphometric characteristics help to regulate the hydrological processes of a basin. The understanding of these characteristics is essential for an adequate planning of water resources. The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity of the hydrological simulation to different pixel thresholds for the generation of the drainage network and to perform a detailed morphometric characterization of the sub-basin upstream of a fluviometric section (SBSF) installed in the experimental basin of the Jatobá stream, semiarid region of Pernambuco. The following thresholds were considered: 264, 132, 66, 55 and 44 pixels, corresponding to scenarios 1 to 5, respectively. The morphometric analyses were performed through hydrological modeling and the use of mathematical equations, where 25 morphometric indices were evaluated. The results indicated that scenarios 3, 4 and 5 adequately represented the hydrological processes. The physical parameters indicate that the basin has an elongated shape, with a low tendency for flood peaks under normal conditions of climatic events. Although the SBSF presents a low average slope, it was verified the existence of regions with high slopes, favoring the surface runoff, which requires the adoption of conservationist practices and the maintenance of native vegetation.
Os efeitos das mudanças climáticas futuras decorrentes de ações antrópicas sobre os recursos hídricos têm sido uma das principais questões estudadas atualmente. A compreensão dessas mudanças é de extrema importância para que ações de prevenção e mitigação sejam tomadas. Uma das formas de avaliar tais efeitos é por meio da inclusão das previsões climáticas em modelos hidrológicos. Entretanto, os dados oriundos de modelos climáticos globais/regionais geralmente possuem erros sistemáticos (vieses), e não podem ser utilizados diretamente na modelagem hidrológica. Neste contexto, objetivou-se realizar a correção de tendência de dados de precipitação e temperatura simulados pelo modelo regional Eta-HadGEM2-ES para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mundaú, testando dois métodos para a correção de tendência, utilizando o software Climate Model for Hydrologic Modeling (CMHyd). Os dados de precipitação e temperatura simulados pelo modelo regional Eta-HadGEM2-ES foram disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). A correção de tendência foi realizada testando-se dois métodos para a correção: Linear Scaling (LS) e Distribution Mapping (DM). Ambos os métodos foram capazes de corrigir a tendência dos dados de precipitação e temperatura da projeção climática do modelo regional Eta-HadGEM2-ES, mas o método DM mostrou-se mais eficaz na correção quando comparado ao LS.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.