No abstract

In case the inhibition of cytoskeletal protein phosphorylation by phenylalanine also occurs in human phenylketonuria, it is possible that alanine supplementation to the phenylalanine-restricted diet may be beneficial to these patients.

No abstract

In this chapter, the fast fixed-point optimization of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms is addressed. A fast quantization noise estimator is presented. The estimator enables a significant reduction in the computation time required to perform complex fixed-point optimizations, while providing a high accuracy. Also, a methodology to perform fixed-point optimization is developed. Affine Arithmetic (AA) is used to provide a fast Signal-to-Quantization Noise-Ratio (SQNR) estimation that can be used during the fixed-point optimization stage. The fast estimator covers differentiable non-linear algorithms with and without feedbacks. The estimation is based on the parameterization of the statistical properties of the noise at the output of fixed-point algorithms. This parameterization allows relating the fixedpoint formats of the signals to the output noise distribution by means of fast matrix operations. Thus, a fast estimation is achieved and the computation time of the fixed-point optimization process is significantly reduced. The proposed estimator and the fixed-point optimization methodology are tested using a subset of non-linear algorithms, such as vector operations, IIR filter for mean power computation, adaptive filters-for both linear and non-linear system identification-and a channel equalizer. The computation time of fixed-point optimization is boosted by three orders of magnitude while keeping the average estimation error down to 6% in most cases.

No abstract