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Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the level of evidence for the psychometric properties of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) in populations with persistent pain.Materials and Methods: Five databases were searched from 1980 to December 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full text, extracted data, and assessed adherence to reporting standards and methodological rigor before evaluating the quality of evidence. A meta-analysis, including the pooling of correlations for the relevant EMA pain outcomes, was completed.

BackgroundMusculoskeletal conditions are well documented in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, whether IBD activity influences musculoskeletal pain experiences is uncertain. Central sensitization has been proposed in patients with IBD who are suffering from persistent pain. Identification of central sensitization symptomology using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) has been reported in many pain‐related disorders. Aims of this study were to explore predictive relationships between IBD activity and musculoskeletal pain experiences (severity/interference), and the mediating effects of the CSI.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was performed exploring self‐reported musculoskeletal pain in adults with IBD. Survey questionnaires included IBD activity indices, numeric rating scales, PROMIS Pain Interference, and the CSI. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between active IBD and pain experiences. Simple and serial mediation analyses were used to explore mediation models: independent variable (IBD activity), dependent variables (severity/interference), and mediators (CSI/severity).Results208 adults with IBD, 18 to 88 years of age, reported musculoskeletal pain. Regression analysis identified IBD activity as a significant predictor of worse pain severity (R2 = 0.039, P < 0.005) and interference (R2 = 0.067, P < 0.001). Simple mediation showed a significant indirect effect from CSI scores between IBD activity and pain severity. Serial mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect from CSI scores and pain severity, between IBD activity and pain interference.ConclusionActive IBD demonstrated a positive association with worse musculoskeletal pain experiences. The CSI demonstrated significant mediation between active IBD and pain severity. Additionally, the CSI and pain severity demonstrated significant mediation between active IBD and pain interference. This suggests that symptoms of central sensitization significantly influence musculoskeletal pain experiences in IBD.

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Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition, commonly resulting in pain and disability. However, pain and disability in this population are poorly related with the degree of structural joint damage. Underlying pain mechanisms, including activity-related pain and sensitization assessed via Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST), may better predict pain and functional outcomes of those with knee OA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore whether activity-related pain and sensitization assessed via QST predict future pain, function, fatigue, physical performance and quality of life outcomes in those living in the community with knee OA. Eighty-six participants with knee OA were recruited in Dunedin, New Zealand. Those eligible to participate underwent baseline testing including QST as well as measures of activity-related pain including Movement-evoked Pain (MEP) and Sensitivity to Physical Activity (SPA). Outcome measures exploring pain, function, fatigue and quality of life outcomes were collected at baseline, and two follow-up periods (two and nine weeks). Univariable linear regression models were developed followed by multivariable linear regression models for each prognostic marker adjusting for age, gender, BMI, OA duration, baseline pain intensity and socioeconomic status. Activity-related measures of pain, including MEP and SPA, demonstrated predictive associations with pain and functional outcomes prospectively in those with knee OA. Therefore, those demonstrating activity-related pain are at future risk of greater pain, disability and reduced quality of life. Larger, externally validated longitudinal studies are required which include individuals with more severe knee OA.