Starch materials of different amylose content were allowed to react with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of varying chain length from C 14 to C 18 under homogeneous conditions applying the solvent N,N-dimethyl acetamide in combination with LiCl. As reagent the corresponding acid chlorides and, alternatively, carboxylic acids in situ activated with toluene-4-sulfonyl chloride and N,N¢-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) were studied. Using fatty acid chlorides (FACl) and toluene-4-sulfonyl chloride-activated acids an almost complete substitution of the starch occurs. By in situ activation of the fatty acids with CDI, products with a degree of substitution up to 2 were obtained, which, in particular, represents a simple and very mild procedure.
New tartaric acid starch ethers have been synthesized applying starch sources of different amylose content. The reactions were carried out heterogeneously in ethanol/water mixtures with cis‐disodiumepoxysuccinate as etherifying reagent leading to products of a degree of substitution (DS) up to 0.3. The molecular structure of the new starch ethers was evaluated by elemental analysis, FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Preliminary studies using a convenient titration method indicate a high binding capacity for Ca2+ ions which is dependent on the starch source and DS.Tartaric acid starch ethers.magnified imageTartaric acid starch ethers.
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