Biogenic amines are compounds produced mainly by microorganisms from the decarboxylation of some amino acids which may cause several health issues in susceptible people. In the winemaking process, one of the factors with the greatest impact on the final concentration of biogenic amines in wine is the malolactic fermentation, which mainly involves the action of lactic acid bacteria. This article gathers scientific literature on the importance of the use of inoculation in winemaking, especially for the potential formation of biogenic amines in spontaneous fermentations, with emphasis on malolactic fermentation. It establishes the set of attributes that influence the formation of biogenic amines in winemaking and aspects related to their toxicity, especially histamine and tyramine. With the growing interest of the market in products with less chemical appeal, the safety of wines, whether from non-conventional or traditional winemaking, must increasingly be observed. Therefore, the importance of using cultivated starter cultures is discussed, along with the safety of organic wines and the presentation of articles that seek to reconcile the production of organic wine with the preservation of the 'microbiological terroir' in a safe way, using selected wild yeasts and lactic acid bacteria.
The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of hydrogenated cyanamide (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%) on breaking dormancy and production of the Merlot vine variety. Variables: number of shoots and bunches, sprouting and fertility index, bunches mass, yield, 0Brix and cost benefit ratio. The doses of 4 and 6% increased bud sprouting without affecting their fertility. Except for the fertility index, the Merlot variety showed a linear response to the application of hydrogenated cyanamide (Dormex®) to the other parameters evaluated, however, the results varied little between the doses of 4 and 6%, indicating the most adjusted dose as 4% considering productivity per hectare.
Mensurar o crescimento de microrganismos é de grande importância na microbiologia. A metodologia para avaliação de crescimento, embora simples e de baixo custo, possui algumas desvantagens, como ser um processo repetitivo, demandar elevado tempo, e sobretudo, seus resultados dependerem da observação do analista e tratarem crescimentos irregulares de forma subjetiva. Desta forma, objetivou-se desenvolver e validar uma aplicação que visa auxiliar na quantificação de áreas em microbiologia por meio de imagens digitais, a fim de disponibilizar uma alternativa ao método convencional. PAImagem foi desenvolvido utilizando a linguagem de programação Java, concebido a partir de um design dirigido por objetivos, com critérios de qualidade da Interface Humano-Computador. A validação da ferramenta deu-se a partir do acompanhamento do crescimento do fungo Glomerella cingulata, realizado com réguas e pela captura de imagens. Adquiriu-se dados a cada 24h por 14 dias, avaliando condições normais e adversas de crescimento. Através do coeficiente de Pearson, foi observada uma elevada correlação (R=0,99) entre o raio medido por régua, e o calculado a partir da área obtida pelo PAImagem. A presente ferramenta mostrou ser de grande validade para o uso em pesquisas envolvendo microrganismos, otimizando o tempo de ensaios em laboratórios.
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