Dogs were tested for object permanence using an invisible displacement in which an object was hidden in one of two containers at either end of a beam and the beam was rotated. Consistent with earlier research, when the beam was rotated 180º, the dogs failed to find the object. However, when the beam was rotated only 90º, they were successful. Furthermore, when the dogs were led either 90º or 180º around the apparatus, they were also successful. In a control condition, when the dogs could not see the direction of the 90º rotation, they failed to find the object. The results suggest that the 180º rotation may produce an interfering context that can be reduced by rotating the apparatus only 90º or by changing the dogs' perspective. Once the conflict is eliminated, dogs show evidence of object permanence that includes invisibly displaced objects.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.