O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar fitopatógenos associados às helicônias na região Litoral Sul do estado da Bahia. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de raízes, folhas, flores e inflorescências de helicônias, no período de agosto/2006 a junho/2007, em plantios comerciais de flores tropicais nos seguintes municípios: Camamu, Ibirapitanga, Ilhéus, Itabuna, Ituberá, Uruçuca e Valença. As amostras por planta eram compostas por cinco hastes vegetativas, duas hastes reprodutivas e raízes; o material coletado era identificado e acondicionado em sacos plásticos e transportados para laboratório. A ocorrência ou não de doenças foi considerada por meio dos sintomas e/ou sinais em folhas (lesões foliares), pseudocaule (coloração e exsudatos), rizomas e raízes (coloração, podridão seca ou aquosa), sendo comparados com registros de outros estudos. Verificou-se que a maioria das doenças de origem fúngica identificada neste estudo ocorreu em folhas (73,46%), seguida pela ocorrência nas brácteas das inflorescências (22,37%) e em rizomas (4,17%). Foram encontrados uma espécie de alga (Cephaleuros virescens) e nove gêneros de fungos fitopatogênicos: Bipolaris sp., Cladosporium sp., Drechslera sp., Mycosphaerella sp., Pestalotiopsis sp. (folhas); Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Curvularia sp. (folhas e inflorescências), e Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (rizomas). A antracnose foi a doença de maior incidência e distribuição na região. Palavras-chave:Flores tropicais, Fungos, Antracnose.Phytopathogens associated with diseases of Heliconia spp., in commercial crops on the South Coast of Bahia. This study aimed survey were identified the major plant pathogens in heliconia production in Southen Bahia, Brazil. Heliconia root, leaf, flower and inflorescence samples were collected monthly from August/2006 to June/2007, in commercial tropical flower crops in the municipalities: Camamu, Ibirapitanga, Ilhéus, Itabuna, Ituberá, Uruçuca e Valença. Each plant sample contained five vegetative stocks, two reproductive stocks and roots which were placed in labeled plastic bags and taken to the laboratory. Presence or absence of disease was noted by signs and/or symptoms on leaves (leaf spots), pseudostem (coloration and exudates), rhizomes and roots (coloration, dry or soft rot) in comparison to previous disease reports. Most fungal diseases identified in this study were found on leaves (73.46%) followed by inflorescence bracts (22.37%) and on roots (4.17%). A total of nine fungal plant pathogens and one species of algae (Cephaleuros virescens) were noted on heliconia plants sampled. Foliar fungal pathogens were identified as: Bipolaris sp., Cladosporium sp., Drechslera sp., Mycosphaerella sp., Pestalotiopsis sp. On leaves and inflorescences: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Curvularia sp. were noted and on rhizomes only Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense occurred. Antracnose was the disease with the highest incidence and distribution in the region.
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