Background Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse drug reaction often presenting as a post-surgery complication that may interfere in the quality of the patient’s life. In the last decade, additionally to bisphosphonates, other drugs have been associated with MRONJ including other antiresorptive, antiangiogenic or multitarget drugs such as levantinib. The data on MRONJ associated to lenvatinib is scarce with no guidelines for best management option. Our aim is to report a case of MRONJ associated with lenvatinib and the useful of a non-invasive management using local photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy with a 635nm diode laser. Material and Methods A 61-year-old female patient with a follicular thyroid carcinoma (stage IV) and taking lenvatinib presented to our Oral Medicine Unit with a painful non-healing ulcer with bone exposure, in the posterior right maxilla, after an extraction of a molar tooth which occurred 4 months previously. Bone rarefaction was detected in CT scan in the same affected area. We diagnosis a lenvatinib-related osteonecrosis of the Jaw (LRONJ). We performed 5 sessions of PBM treatment using a 635 nm diode laser, delivering 10J/ cm2 in affected area. Results At the end of the first session, a relief in the pain was already refereed by the patient. One month after, the oral mucosa was completely healed and tissue integrity was confirmed clinically and on panoramic radiograph and the patient referred an increase in her quality of life. On the last follow up after 6 months the patient was without any recurrence. Conclusions A lenvatinib-related osteonecrosis of the maxilla in a female patient is reported here for the first time. Moreover, a non-invasive management using PBM laser therapy has shown a successful healing of involved tissues and immediate symptoms relief improving the quality of life of the patient. Key words: Lenvatinib, MRONJ, osteonecrosis of the jaw, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, photobiomodulation.

Background:Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare monochorionic twin pregnancy complication. It should be suspected in the first-trimester ultrasound when one fetus has no cardiac activity in monochorionic pregnancies. Doppler study is essential for early diagnosis of acardiac twin. This manuscript shows the importance of reassessing cases considered as vanishing twins in early pregnancy, to avoid a late diagnosis of acardiac twin, without timely treatment. Case Summary: In this case, the assumption of the death of one fetus in the first trimester, delayed the correct diagnosis of TRAP until 25 weeks, when the case was referred to our unit. We opted conservative management with weekly ultrasound surveillance, looking for features of heart failure in the pump twin. After suspecting fetal anaemia, at 32 weeks a healthy baby weighing 2100g was delivered along with an acardiac anceps with 518g. This is a case of expectant management, for lack of another option, to a successful end. Conclusion: Although twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence being a rare monochorionic twin pregnancies complication, it should be suspected in the first-trimester ultrasound, when detected monochorionic pregnancies and one embryo/fetus has no cardiac activity. Follow up in the fetal death of one twin in monochorionic pregnancies must be done with Doppler to look for an acardiac twin. Because pump twin may develop a high-output cardiac failure and intrauterine fetal demise, for continuing pregnancies without poor prognostic criteria, it is important to maintain weekly ultrasound surveillance, with attention to the intervention criteria.

Introduction: A uterine rupture is still a rare event, but its incidence appears to be increasing, even in the unscarred uterus. In our case, the uterine rupture presented itself in an unscarred uterus and after a vaginal delivery. Case report: A 36 years old women with three previous normal deliveries, comes to our hospital for assistance at 32 weeks with a poor pregnancy surveillance. After diagnosing Gestational Diabetes, she is admitted for therapeutic adjustment. She is discharged after achieving metabolic control but comes back a few days later with a stillbirth, born by vaginal delivery. Six days later she presents with: fever and pain; anaemia leukocytosis and a heterogeneous image on ultrasound. However, was decided to start intravenous antibiotics before choosing for surgery. Her condition worsens, and an exploratory laparotomy is done: a posterior uterine wall rupture that required a hysterectomy. Conclusion: Risk factors for uterine rupture were present (maternal age over 35, higher parity, fetal macrosomia) but the absence of any symptom, the regular examination after delivery, and mostly, an unscarred uterus, resulted in a delay in the diagnosis of more than one week, leading to catastrophic consequences: hysterectomy. This case reminds us that uterine rupture happens not only in case of previous uterine surgery, and these cases seem to be increasing because of the increase in other risk factors: advanced maternal age and diabetes with resulting fetal macrosomia.

RESUMONos últimos anos, um número crescente de mulheres adia o seu projeto reprodutivo para idades mais avançadas, sendo por isso cada vez mais importante que se avalie a possibilidade e a segurança de tratamentos conservadores que preservem a fertilidade em pacientes jovens com carcinoma do endométrio. O tratamento recomendado para o carcinoma do endométrio é a histerectomia total com salpingo-ooforectomia, o que interfere, como é óbvio, na fertilidade da mulher, não sendo por isso recomendável em mulheres que pretendem preservar a sua função reprodutora. Em alternativa, o tratamento conservador pode ser uma opção de exceção em casos bem selecionados. Contudo, a decisão de efetuar tratamento conservador não está isenta de riscos, nomeadamente os riscos de estadiar e/ou tratar inadequadamente o carcinoma do endométrio e os riscos de não diagnosticar tumores ováricos síncronos ou metastáticos. Além disso, não há consenso quanto ao tratamento ideal por quanto tempo deve ser prolongado, como efetuar a vigilância destas doentes e qual o resultado oncológico a longo prazo. O caso presente, no conhecimento dos autores, é o primeiro documentado em Portugal de gravidez após tratamento conservador de carcinoma do endométrio, numa mulher jovem. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Neoplasias do Endométrio; Preservação da Fertilidade