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1The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of plant essential oils (EOs) in 2 combination and to investigate the effect of food ingredients on their efficacy. The EOs 3 assessed in combination included basil, lemon balm, marjoram, oregano, rosemary, sage 4 and thyme. Combinations of EOs were initially screened against B. cereus, E. coli, L. 5 monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa using the spot-on-agar test. The influence of varying 6 concentrations of EO combinations on efficacy was also monitored using E. coli. to be a function of ingredient manipulation. Starch and oils concentrations of 5% and 10% 21 had a negative impact on the EO efficacy. On the contrary, the EOs were more effective 22 at high concentrations of protein, and at pH 5, by comparison with pH 6 or 7. This study 23 3 suggests that combinations of EOs could minimize application concentrations and 1 consequently reduce any adverse sensory impact in food. However, their application for 2 microbial control might be affected by food composition, therefore, careful selection of 3 EOs appropriate to the sensory and compositional status of the food system is required. 4This work shows that EOs might be more effective against food-borne pathogens and 5 spoilage bacteria when applied to ready to use foods containing a high protein level at 6 acidic pH, as well as lower levels of fats or carbohydrates. 7 8

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A total of 38 phenolic compounds in the solid/liquid extracts of five Lamiaceae spices, rosemary, oregano, sage, basil, and thyme, were identified in the present study using LC-ESI-MS/MS. These compounds were distributed in four major categories, namely, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and phenolic terpenes. Among them, the category of flavonoids was the largest, with 17 compounds. Identification of the phenolic compounds was carried out by comparing retention times and mass spectra with those of authentic standards. If standards were unavailable, phenolic compounds were identified on the basis of accurate mass of pseudomolecular [M - H](-) ions and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data. The results of accurate mass measurements fit well with the elemental composition of the compounds. The diagnostic fragmentation patterns of the compounds during collision-induced dissociation (CID) elucidated the structural information of the compounds analyzed.

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