This is a large series on clinical applications of the freestyle pedicled perforator flap. Because of its many advantages and its versatility, the authors believe it will find its place as a valued reconstructive option and, when indicated, a simpler alternative to free flaps.

The salvage procedures for venous compromised DIEP flap are better performed intraoperatively rather than postoperatively to prevent further complications. The engorged SIEV could be incorporated by anastomosing to an additional recipient vein or adding to the DIEV-internal mammary vein axis or substituting for DIEV.

In this paper we study some properties of the semigroups associated with the linear retarded functional differential equations (FDE) in the setting of Banach spaces Rn X Lp( — h, 0, Rn), 1 < p < ∞. Earlier investigations of these equations via semigroups defined on the customary space C([ — h, 0], Rn) played an important role in problems of stability, oscillations, bifurcation, asymptotic behavior etc. [15].