Due to the heterogeneity and quality of included studies, no firm conclusions could be made on the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of goal setting in stroke rehabilitation. Further rigorous research is required to strengthen the evidence base. Better collaboration and communication between patients and professionals and relevant education are recommended for best practice.

Pilates appears to be efficacious in improving sitting stability and posture and decreasing pain and was also well tolerated by wheelchair users with MS. Further mixed methods studies are warranted.

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There is increasing value being placed on engaging and empowering first year students and first year curriculum design is a key driver and opportunity to ensure early enculturation into successful learning at university. This paper summarises the literature on first year curriculum design linked to student engagement and empowerment. We present conceptualizations of 'curriculum' and examples from first year curriculum design. We also note the limited literature where students have been involved in designing first year curricula. The results of the literature review suggest that key characteristics of engaging first year curricula include active learning, timely feedback, relevance and challenge. The literature also points to the importance of identifying students' abilities on entry to university as well as being clear about desired graduate attributes and developmental goals. Acknowledging realities and constraints, we present a framework for the first year curriculum design process based on the literature.

It is important to support carers of people who have survived a stroke in adjusting to their changed lifestyles. This may affect their quality of life as well as sustainability of caring, and requires further research.