Background: The outcome of neonatal surgery depends on safe anaesthesia, competent surgery and good nursing care. The University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria, established in February 2008, has specialist anaesthetic and surgical manpower. The aim of the study was to determine the outcome and contributing factors to mortality in neonatal surgical emergencies at this new tertiary health institution. Method: It was a retrospective descriptive study of neonates that underwent emergency surgery at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital between June 2008 and May 2011. Data was obtained from the anaesthetic register, ward admission and discharged register, nurses report books and patient case files. Results: Forty-five neonates were operated upon during the three year period. There were 28 males and 17 females with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Forty-four (97.8%) of the neonates were referred to the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. The mean age and body weight at presentation were 47.5 ± 44.4 hours and 2.65 ± 0.61 kg respectively. The mean interval between admission and surgical intervention was 4.9 ± 6.2 days. Malformations of the gut (40%) and anterior abdominal wall (26.7%) were the major pathologies. The overall mortality following surgery was 62.2%. Case fatality rates ranged from 0% for Hirschprung’s disease to 100% for tracheoesophageal fistula. The immediate causes of death among these neonates were peritonitis from gangrenous gut, hypovolaemia and repeat surgery. Contributing factors to mortality were delivery in unorthodox health facilities, delay in presentation as well as surgical intervention and inefficient postoperative monitoring. Conclusion: Emergency neonatal surgeries at the UUTH are associated with unacceptable high mortality. Reduction in such mortality would require campaign for early presentation, a lot more timely surgical interventions and upgrading of monitoring facili- ties to help in improving perioperative monitoring and care.

Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global average. Most of these deaths occur on hospital wards after the surgery itself. We aimed to assess whether enhanced postoperative surveillance of adult surgical patients at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality in Africa could reduce 30-day in-hospital mortality. Methods We did a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial of hospitals (clusters) across Africa. Hospitals were eligible if they provided surgery with an overnight postoperative admission. Hospitals were randomly assigned through minimisation in recruitment blocks (1:1) to provide patients with either a package of enhanced postoperative surveillance interventions (admitting the patient to higher care ward, increasing the frequency of postoperative nursing observations, assigning the patient to a bed in view of the nursing station, allowing family members to stay in the ward, and placing a postoperative surveillance guide at the bedside) for those at high risk (ie, with African Surgical Outcomes Study Surgical Risk Calculator scores ≥10) and usual care for those at low risk (intervention group), or for all patients to receive usual postoperative care (control group). Health-care providers and participants were not masked, but data assessors were. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients at low and high risk, measured at the participant level. All analyses were done as allocated (by cluster) in all patients with available data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03853824 . Findings Between May 3, 2019, and July 27, 2020, 594 eligible hospitals indicated a desire to participate across 33 African countries; 332 (56%) were able to recruit participants and were included in analyses. We allocated 160 hospitals (13 275 patients) to provide enhanced postoperative surveillance and 172 hospitals (15 617 patients) to provide standard care. The mean age of participants was 37·1 years (SD 15·5) and 20 039 (69·4%) of 28 892 patients were women. 30-day in-hospital mortality occurred in 169 (1·3%) of 12 970 patients with mortality data in the intervention group and in 193 (1·3%) of 15 242 patients with mortality data in the control group (relative risk 0·96, 95% CI 0·69–1·33; p=0·79). 45 (0·2%) of 22 031 patients at low risk and 309 (5·6%) of 5500 patients at high risk died. No harms associated with either intervention were reported. Interpretation This intervention package did not decrease 30-day in-hospital mortality among surgical patients in Africa at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions that prevent death from surgical complications in resource-limited hospitals across Africa. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Federati...

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Background: Within a short duration, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread globally, affecting all facets of life and causing widespread panic. This study set out to assess the perception and practices towards COVID-19 of urban and rural residents in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design and multistaged sampling technique were used. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire between October and December 2020. Scores assessing perception and practices were allocated and graded based on specific stratified demarcations. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 822 individuals from the selected households were interviewed (urban: 401, 48.8%; rural: 421, 51.2%). Majority of respondents urban (99.8%) and rural (97.9%) were aware of COVID-19. Most respondents had low risk-perception of COVID-19 (62.4%), with significantly more rural respondents having low-risk perception (70.6% rural vs. 54.0% urban). The general perception of COVID-19 amongst the respondents was good (79.2%) with no statistically significant difference between urban and rural residents. Most of the participants had good practices towards COVID-19, with significantly higher proportion of urban respondents having good practice (93.8%) compared to their rural counterparts (83.1%). Amongst rural residents, high-risk perception was associated with higher proportion of good practice (93.4%) compared to 84.5% of low-risk perception (P = 0.015). Conclusions: The participants had high level of awareness, low risk perception, good general perception and good practices toward COVID-19. However, urban respondents showed better practices towards COVID-19. More attention should be directed towards improving COVID-19 perception and practices particularly amongst rural residents.