Objective Substance use disorders (SUDs) have risen substantially, especially in developing nations, and has become one of the world's most significant public health and socioeconomic challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of substance use disorders among patients admitted at the main psychiatric hospital, Sbrana Psychiatric Hospital in Botswana. Method The study design was descriptive cross-sectional, involving patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital. SUDs were assessed using the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) v13.0. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and SUDs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to rule out the effect of confounders. Results The final analysis involved one hundred and one (101) participants. Participants ages ranged from 18-60 years with over half (59.4%) being male. Majority of participants (85.1%) had ever used studied substances; with 63.4% found to have substance use disorders. The most frequently used substances were tobacco, cannabis, alcohol and cocaine at 58.4%, 42.6%, 34.7% and 12.8% respectively. SUDs were more common among participants who were male, younger age of 18–35 years, single, tertiary education and unemployed. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of substance use and SUDs among psychiatric patients in Botswana. Structured screening and interventions to manage substance use disorders should be part of routine care at the psychiatric health care facilities in Botswana. Consideration should be given to screening all patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals in Botswana for SUDs using the ASSIST.

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Background: Amputees have been noted to present with various psychiatric disorders including anxiety, body image disturbances, depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, there is limited data available on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD among amputees in Kenya despite the high incidences of amputations in Kenyan hospitals. This study aimed at finding out the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among amputees attending the Jaipur Foot Trust Center in Kenya.Method: This study took a cross-sectional descriptive study design. One hundred and forty-one patients attending the Jaipur Foot Trust were recruited to participate in the study after giving informed consent using a non-probability purposive sampling method. A socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the patient's depression. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale was used to assess the patient's anxiety level and The Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) was used to assess the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Results: Findings from this study showed high rates of psychiatric morbidity where two-thirds of the patients reported PTSD (65%) with more than three-quarters of patients being diagnosed with depression (89.4%) and anxiety (91.5%). Also, there was a significant correlation between depression, anxiety, and PTSD, such that participants who had higher scores on anxiety and depression had significantly higher PTSD scores.Conclusion: Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD are very common psychological reactions in patients who have undergone amputation. The researchers expected that some of the sociodemographic factors and some amputation-related characteristics would have a relation with psychiatric comorbidity. However, the findings of this study did not show any such relationship except the relation between anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Early psychological assessment and interventions after amputations will help alleviate psychological distress