Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and peripartum cardiomyopathy are among the most common and often severe pregnancy-specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and causes of complications in pregnancy. This clinical review provides nurses with an overview of pregnancyspecific CVDs, outlines their pathophysiology, and discusses risk factors and assessment. It describes management interventions according to timing: the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum phases are each addressed.

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Background: The use of chemical restraints (CRs) in health care facilities is a complex intervention that raises questions about its effectiveness and whether it is safe and patient oriented. Purpose: This review aims to gather nursing quality standards for the use of CR through an innovative method of knowledge synthesis, the realist review, to support the development of a quality evaluation tool. Methods: A realist review method was chosen. Results: An operational definition of chemical restraint is proposed, a concept seen as synonymous with the management of behavioral symptoms by pharmacological agents with sedative proprieties. Twenty-eight quality standards were identified and presented in a theoretical model. Conclusions: These quality standards will allow the evaluation of practices from a nursing perspective for the use of CR in health care settings.