PurposeThis paper analyses how contextual factors at universities (entrepreneurship education and program learning) and cognitive variables (perceived behavioral control, implementation intentions, and attitude) influence entrepreneurial intentions among Latin American university students.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe empirical analysis employs a multilevel (hierarchical) linear model with a sample size of 9012 university students taken in 2018 from nine Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Panamá, and Uruguay.FindingsOverall, the university context and cognitive variables contribute to explaining entrepreneurial intentions in university students. Whereas program learning constitutes a variable that directly and indirectly explains entrepreneurial intentions among university students, attending entrepreneurship courses negatively influences their entrepreneurial intentions.Originality/valueA central premise of this study is that the entrepreneurial process in university students is a multilevel phenomenon, given that university context and cognitive variables are key factors in entrepreneurial intentions. The findings support this premise and contribute to the existing literature on entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Nevertheless, the results reveal a more nuanced picture regarding the role of university context on the entrepreneurial intentions of students.

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The main purpose of this paper is to examine whether potential entrepreneurs are mainly driven by entrepreneurial skills or by a social identity to engage in entrepreneurial behaviors. Using a sample of 696 Colombian students from the data of Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students'Survey (GUESSS), findings confirm Darwinian and Missionary social identity influence entrepreneurial intention positively. Furthermore, we find that the more a person identifies with a Darwinian social identity, the less entrepreneurial intention depends on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, while the contrary happens for missionary social identity. This study provides empirical evidence that competence, and identification influence the entrepreneurial process. Additionally, this study provides an explanation in a new setting, about why some individuals with strong entrepreneurial self-efficacy do not exhibit strong entrepreneurial intention.

Propósito: Identificar y analizar los factores institucionales del ecosistema emprendedor uruguayo, su capacidad de respuesta a situaciones de crisis aportando una metodología para actuar frente a las mismas. Diseño Metodología: Metodología descriptiva y explicativa, con enfoque mixto, entrevistas semidirigidas a emprendedores, una encuesta no probabilística y un taller de intercambio con las instituciones patrocinadoras de emprendimientos.Resultados: Se elaboró un software de autodiagnóstico y un manual de buenas prácticas en base a la detección de los principales problemas que tuvieron las organizaciones tanto públicas como privadas que apoyan a emprendedores durante la pandemia.Originalidad valor: Consta de implicaciones tanto prácticas como sociales. Busca fortalecer el ecosistema emprendedor, proporcionando herramientas de autodiagnóstico para mejorar su actuación en tiempos de crisis, y el desarrollo de estrategias recomendadas a través de un manual de buenas prácticas.