In order to reduce the energy consumption of the building stock, a major trend is to drastically reduce the space-heating (SH) needs by improving the thermal performance of the envelope. In general, this measure is combined with efficient heating systems to minimize the delivered energy and greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, these better systems are often more expensive so that the extra-investment could be hardly recovered for small-scale energy consumption. The main objective of the article is to show how equilibria between cost-effectiveness and environmental performance of heating systems are changed when small SH needs are considered (i.e. for passive and low-energy houses). The scope is limited to new single-family dwellings. Furthermore, the passive house standard provides means of simplifying the SH * Corresponding author

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Résumé. Des étudiant·es qui fabriquent et construisent, dansent ou plantent des arbres. Autant de scènes inaccoutumées dans une faculté universitaire et qui pourtant se sont multipliées ces dernières années au sein de LOCI. Alors, à quoi rime tout ce remue-ménage ? Cet article vise modestement à mieux faire connaître et à encourager ce que notre Faculté a pris l'habitude de désigner comme enseignement à échelle 1/1. Les doubles pages qui suivent présentent trois activités d'enseignement à échelle 1/1, respectivement sur les sites de Bruxelles, Louvain-la-Neuve et Tournai. Abstract. Students who fabricate and construct, dance or plant trees. As many unexpected activities in the context of a university faculty, which have nevertheless proliferated in recent years at LOCI. What is behind this movement? This article aims to inform and encourage what our faculty has come to call 1/1-scale teaching. The following double-page spreads present 3 teaching activities at scale 1/1, respectively on the sites of Brussels, Louvain-la-Neuve and Tournai.

Cities are fast growing and their dependence on external services and supplies increases with time. In Europe, the existing building stock is both ageing and energy-demand intensive: its energy retrofit becomes necessary, this resulting in waste generation and pressure on the availability of raw materials. New approaches such as circular economy are arising to face these challenges. However, principles of circular economy are not necessarily associated with energy concerns. To address this gap, this paper considers the current need of retrofit strategies in an urban mining perspective. A methodology based on a bottom-up approach is proposed, aiming to evaluate the impacts of energy retrofit strategies on material stocks and flows at the building scale.