We studied the risk of infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL). Major infections were defined as requiring hospital admission or intravenous antimicrobial treatment. Incidence rate (IR) ratios (IRR) were used to compare infection rates. Of 263 CLL patients followed for 936.9 person-years, 60% required treatment for progressive CLL (66 received ibrutinib). Infections occurred in 71.9% patients (IR 92.4/100 person-years) with 31.9% having major infections (IR 20.3/100 person-years) and infections causing 37.5% of deaths. CLL treatment was associated with significantly higher risk of major (IRR 3.31, 95% CI 2.10, 5.21) and minor (IRR 1.78, 95% CI 1.43, 2.22) infections. Compared to their previous chemoimmunotherapy patients receiving salvage ibrutinib therapy (n = 47) had a significantly increased risk of a major infection (IRR 2.35 95% CI 1.27, 4.34). The risk of infection in CLL patients remains high even with use of less immunosuppressive therapies.

BackgroundGeminiviruses (family Geminiviridae) are prevalent plant viruses that imperil agriculture globally, causing serious damage to the livelihood of farmers, particularly in developing countries. The virus evolves rapidly, attributing to its single-stranded genome propensity, resulting in worldwide circulation of diverse and viable genomes. Genomics is a prominent approach taken by researchers in elucidating the infectious mechanism of the virus. Currently, the NCBI Viral Genome website is a popular repository of viral genomes that conveniently provides researchers a centralized data source of genomic information. However, unlike the genome of living organisms, viral genomes most often maintain peculiar characteristics that fit into no single genome architecture. By imposing a unified annotation scheme on the myriad of viral genomes may downplay their hallmark features. For example, the viron of begomoviruses prevailing in America encapsulates two similar-sized circular DNA components and both are required for systemic infection of plants. However, the bipartite components are kept separately in NCBI as individual genomes with no explicit association in linking them. Thus, our goal is to build a comprehensive Geminivirus genomics database, namely gb4gv, that not only preserves genomic characteristics of the virus, but also supplements biologically relevant annotations that help to interrogate this virus, for example, the targeted host, putative iterons, siRNA targets, etc.MethodsWe have employed manual and automatic methods to curate 508 genomes from four major genera of Geminiviridae, and 161 associated satellites obtained from NCBI RefSeq and PubMed databases.ResultsThese data are available for free access without registration from our website. Besides genomic content, our website provides visualization capability inherited from UCSC Genome Browser.DiscussionWith the genomic information readily accessible, we hope that our database will inspire researchers in gaining a better understanding of the incredible degree of diversity of these viruses, and of the complex relationships within and between the different genera in the Geminiviridae.Availability and ImplementationThe database can be found at: http://gb4gv.lafayette.edu.

No abstract

Background: Geminivirus (family Geminiviridae) is a prevalent plant virus that imperils agriculture globally, causing serious damage to the livelihood of farmers, particularly in developing countries. The virus evolves rapidly, attributing to its single-stranded genome propensity, resulting in worldwide circulation of diverse and viable genomes. Genomics is a prominent approach taken by researchers in elucidating the infectious mechanism of the virus. Currently, NCBI Viral Genome website is a popular repository of viral genomes that conveniently provides researchers a centralized data source of genomic information.However, unlike the genome of living organisms, viral genomes most often maintain peculiar characteristics that fit into no single genome architecture. By imposing a unified annotation scheme on the myriad of viral genomes may downplay their hallmark features.For example, virion of Begomovirus prevailing in America encapsulates two similar-sized circular genomes and both are required to maintain virulence. But, the two bipartite genomes are kept separately in NCBI with no explicit association in linking them. Thus, our goal is to build a comprehensive Geminivirus genomics database, namely gb4gv, that not only preserves genomic characteristics of the virus, but also supplements biologically relevant annotations that help to interrogate this virus e.g. the targeted host, putative iterons, siRNA targets etc. Methods: We have employed manual and automatic methods to curate 508 genomes from four major genera of Geminiviruses, and 161 associated satellites obtained from NCBI RefSeq and PubMed databases. Results: These data are available for free access without registration from our website. Besides genomic content, our website provides visualization capability inherited from UCSC Genome Browser. Background: Geminivirus (family Geminiviridae) is a prevalent plant virus that imperils 8

Background: Geminivirus (family Geminiviridae) is a prevalent plant virus that imperils agriculture globally, causing serious damage to the livelihood of farmers, particularly in developing countries. The virus evolves rapidly, attributing to its single-stranded genome propensity, resulting in worldwide circulation of diverse and viable genomes. Genomics is a prominent approach taken by researchers in elucidating the infectious mechanism of the virus. Currently, NCBI Viral Genome website is a popular repository of viral genomes that conveniently provides researchers a centralized data source of genomic information.However, unlike the genome of living organisms, viral genomes most often maintain peculiar characteristics that fit into no single genome architecture. By imposing a unified annotation scheme on the myriad of viral genomes may downplay their hallmark features.For example, virion of Begomovirus prevailing in America encapsulates two similar-sized circular genomes and both are required to maintain virulence. But, the two bipartite genomes are kept separately in NCBI with no explicit association in linking them. Thus, our goal is to build a comprehensive Geminivirus genomics database, namely gb4gv, that not only preserves genomic characteristics of the virus, but also supplements biologically relevant annotations that help to interrogate this virus e.g. the targeted host, putative iterons, siRNA targets etc. Methods: We have employed manual and automatic methods to curate 508 genomes from four major genera of Geminiviruses, and 161 associated satellites obtained from NCBI RefSeq and PubMed databases. Results: These data are available for free access without registration from our website. Besides genomic content, our website provides visualization capability inherited from UCSC Genome Browser. Background: Geminivirus (family Geminiviridae) is a prevalent plant virus that imperils 8