For more than a decade, professional medical and nursing associations have recommended universal screening for intimate partner abuse (IPA). This review of 44 studies examines IPA screening during this period. The purposes of the review are to (a) identify mutable influences on IPA screening, (b) summarize what is known about altering these influences, and (c) outline an agenda for improving IPA screening. Evidence to date indicates that screening is not universal. Promising approaches to improvement start with provider training and relatively simple environmental adjustments. Unanswered empirical questions include "What are the essential components of effective training? Which health care providers are best positioned to screen under which circumstances? Which of the untested mutable influences will further improve IPA screening practice?" The review leads to the following practice recommendations: (a) Interventions should focus on clinicians in training (e.g., medical residents), and (b) screening approaches must be tailored to various practice settings.

Findings suggest the merits of multipronged efforts to prevent crashes and to improve bicyclist safety in NYC and in other dense, urban environments. Motorists and bicyclists should be made aware of the risks of alcohol use and the benefits of helmet-wearing. Road users should pay attention to traffic control measures and travel at safe speeds. Interventions that control traffic at intersections and on multilane streets, that dedicate and demarcate routes for motorists and cyclists, and that improve visibility, especially for large vehicles, warrant consideration.

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