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Enquiries about the content of the report should be directed to the above address.The Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) is an independent committee which has been established to provide advice to the Minister for Health and Ageing on the strength of evidence available on new and existing medical technologies and procedures in terms of their safety, effectiveness and costeffectiveness. This advice will help to inform government decisions about which medical services should attract funding under Medicare. MSAC's advice does not necessarily reflect the views of all individuals who participated in the MSAC evaluation. Publication approval number: Template Version updated Nov 08Application 1276 NCSP Renewal: Modelled evaluation i Table 38 Summary of the effect of poor compliance with 5-yearly call-andrecall (high proportion of early re-screening, CR2) compared with the equivalent strategy under assumptions of better compliance with 5-yearly screening (low proportion of early re-screening, most women re-attending on time (CR1)) for primary HPV testing strategies . Table 71 Health and cost outcomes in strategies where women never return for more cervical screening after being completely discharged after a normal HPV exit test (compared to the equivalent strategy where some women continue to return after an exit test at rates as observed under current practice) and assuming screening ends at 69 instead of 64 years for both sets of scenarios -unvaccinated cohort .. Table 72 Health and cost outcomes in strategies where women never return for more cervical screening after being completely discharged after a normal HPV exit test (compared to the equivalent strategy where some women continue to return after an exit test at rates as observed under current practice) and assuming screening ends at 69 instead of 64 years for both sets of scenarios -cohort offered vaccination at age 12 . The relative trade-off between the percent increase in the mortality and the percent increase in the colposcopies compared to current practice of cervical screening using image-read LBC ( The Renewal aims to ensure the continuing success of the NCSP and that all Australian women, HPV vaccinated and unvaccinated, have access to a cervical screening program based on current evidence and best practice. The Renewal process will ensure the renewed program remains safe and continues to improve health outcomes of Australian women. Contents List of Tables List of FiguresThe objectives of the Renewal are to:1. Assess the evidence for screening tests and pathways, the screening interval, age range and commencement for both vaccinated and non-vaccinated women;2. Determine a cost-effective screening pathway and program model;3. Investigate options for improved national data collection systems and registry functions to enable policy, planning, service delivery and quality management; and 4. Assess the feasibility and acceptability of the renewed program for women.The first two objectives outlined above are being undertaken th...

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A high level of participation is critical to the validity of findings of research studies, but participation in epidemiological studies has been declining. 1 Reviews have described strategies to improve recruitment to trials 2 and responses to surveys, 3 but additional strategies to retain participants are also required for longitudinal studies.The Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) is a populationbased cohort study that spans childhood to middle age. In 1968, almost all Tasmanian school children born in 1961 (n=8,583 [99%]) participated in a respiratory health survey. Lung function, height and weight were also measured. Participants were followed up in 1974, 1981, 1992 and most recently 2003-06. 4 Using information from the 2003-06 follow up, we aimed to better understand why participants continue to participate in this longitudinal population-based study.Of the original 1968 cohort, 85.2% (n=7,312) were traced to an address and we achieved a response of 78.4% (n=5,729) to a postal survey. 4 A subgroup of respondents was invited to participate in a more detailed laboratory study. Of 2,373 invited, 1,389 (58.5%) took part in a full laboratory visit and 354 (15%) completed a telephone questionnaire only.Participants selected for laboratory testing were contacted by a research officer to discuss the research and book appointments. During this telephone contact a random sample of responders were asked: "We're interested in finding out why some people take part in our laboratory testing. What made you decide to attend the testing laboratory?"In total, 362 participants (90.7% of those asked) responded to this question and these responses were assessed qualitatively by an author (CB) independent of TAHS. The responders were primarily female (52%), about one-third had a degree or diploma/certificate (35%), and most were employed (83.9%). Two main themes emerged to explain reasons for participation.First, participants described the worth and importance of the study or how interesting it was to them. They explained that they wanted to know about their own health and about health problems affecting them. They also described benefits that their participation in the study might have for others. This included descriptions of their participation potentially benefiting their communities, people with asthma, family members (with asthma) or unspecified others.The second major theme related to participants' attitudes to research more generally. Respondents described participation in terms of altruistic attitudes and behaviours such as just being happy to help (unspecified), happy to help with research (specifically), or that research (in general) helps others or helps find cures. A small number (n=20) indicated their ongoing participation was because research (in general) was interesting or that it was important.The descriptions are consistent with recommendations from Dillman 5 who argues that social exchange and the core elements of exchange (rewards, trust and costs) can be used to positively influence response be...