Die Ergebnisse von 29Si‐ und 23Na‐MAS‐NMR‐Untersuchungen an vier Modifikationen des synthetischen Na2Si2O5 zeigen, daß sich die α‐, β‐ und δ‐Modifikationen eindeutig durch die Parameter ihrer NMR‐Spektren voneinander unterscheiden lassen. Die Untersuchungen an γ‐Na2Si2O5 weisen starke Verunreinigungen der Probe durch Nebenkomponenten nach. Für α‐ und β‐Na2Si2O5 widerspiegeln die 29Si‐MAS‐NMR‐Spektren die strukturellen Details der Silicatschichten, während sich aus den 23Na‐MAS‐NMR‐Spektren Rückschlüsse auf die Koordinationszahl des Natriums ableiten lassen. Die 29Si‐MAS‐NMR‐Untersuchungen an δ‐Na2Si2O5 weisen darauf hin, daß die Silicatschicht in dieser Modifikation aus einheitlichen SiO4‐Tetraedern aufgebaut ist, deren Strukturparameter sich jedoch von denen in α‐ und β‐Na2Si2O5 unterscheiden. Die 23Na‐MAS‐NMR‐Untersuchungen zeigen, daß in der Zwischenschicht des δ‐Na2Si2O5 zwei nichtidentische Natriumatome existieren. Die NMR‐Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß das eine Natriumatom fünffach, das andere sechsfach von Sauerstoffatomen koordiniert ist.
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the last enzyme of the common branch of the heme and chlorophyll pathways in plants, is the molecular target of diphenyl ether-type herbicides. These compounds inhibit the enzyme competitively with respect to the tetrapyrrole substrate, protoporphyrinogen IX. We used the flavinic nature of protoporphyrinogen oxidase to investigate the reactivity of the enzyme toward the 2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium cation, a known inhibitor of several flavoproteins. Diphenyleneiodonium inhibited the membrane-bound yeast protoporphyrinogen oxidase competitively with molecular oxygen. The typical slow-binding kinetics suggested that the enzyme with a reduced flavin rapidly combined with the inhibitor to form an initial complex which then slowly isomerized to a modified enzyme-inhibitor complex (Ki = 6.75 x 10(-8) M, Ki* = 4.1 x 10(-9) M). This inhibition was strongly pH-dependent and was maximal at pH 8. Substituted diphenyleneiodoniums were synthesized and shown to be even better inhibitors than 2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium: Ki = 4.4 x 10(-8) M and Ki* = 1.3 x 10(-9) M for 4-methyl-2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium, Ki = 2.2 x 10(-8) M and Ki * = 1.1 x 10(-9) M for 6-methyl-2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium, and Ki = 6.4 x 10(-9) M and Ki* = 1.2 x 10(-1)2 M for 4-nitro-2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium. The 4-nitro-2,2'-diphenyleneiodonium was a quasi irreversible inhibitor (k5/k6 > 5000). Diphenyleneiodoniums are a new class of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors that act via a mechanism very different from that of diphenyl ether-type herbicides and appear to be promising tools for studies on the structure-function relationships of this agronomically important enzyme.
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