A medicalização escamoteia questões sociopolíticas, econômicas, culturais e afetivas, redescrevendo-as como fenômenos individuais e biológicos, transformando modos de existência em patologias. A infância tornou-se alvo constante desse processo, despontando num aumento vertiginoso no consumo de psicotrópicos. Para mapear debates sobre o uso de psicotrópicos entre crianças na literatura brasileira, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas plataformas Scielo e BVS. Foram selecionados 32 artigos e as temáticas agrupadas em três tópicos: escola, serviços de saúde, desmedicalização. A tríade relacional escola/TDAH/psicotrópicos representou a medicalização. O metilfenidato foi o medicamento mais citado, tornando-se expressão máxima da medicalização infantil, com uso banalizado e forte tendência à cronificação. Os encaminhamentos recorrentes resultaram numa relação disfuncional entre a escola e os setores de saúde, com uma rede que tende mais a alimentar a medicalização do que questioná-la. Conflitos e disputas entre os atores não permitiam espaços de escuta para a criança. Ainda assim, foram mapeadas na literatura possibilidades de resistência e iniciativas de desmedicalização. O cenário da educação vem sendo amplamente discutido, mas ainda investe-se pouco em pesquisas que abordem o tema nos serviços de saúde. Palavras-chave: medicalização infantil. psicotrópicos. crianças. ABSTRACT Medicalization conceals socio-political, economic, cultural and affective issues, redescribing them as individual and biological phenomena, transforming modes of existence into pathologies. Childhood became a constant target of this process, resulting in a increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs. To map debates on the use of psychotropic drugs among children in Brazilian literature, a bibliographic review was carried out on the Scielo and VHL platforms. 32 articles were selected and the themes grouped into three topics: school, health services, de-medicalization. The school/ADHD/psychotropic relational triad represented medicalization. Methylphenidate was the most cited medication, becoming the maximum expression of children's medicalization, with banalized use and a strong tendency to chronification. Recurrent referrals resulted in a dysfunctional relationship between the school and the health sectors, with a network that tends more to fuel medicalization than to question it. Conflicts and disputes between the actors did not allow listening spaces for the child. Even so, possibilities of resistance and demedicalization initiatives were mapped in the literature. The education scenario has been widely discussed, but there is still little investment in research that addresses the topic in health services. Keywords: infant medicalization. psychotropic drugs. children.
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