The development of new diagnostic tools has aided better detection of viral pneumonia in the recent years, and viral etiologies have been reported in approximately 23% of pneumonia among inmunocompromised patients. [3,4] However, there are only few studies on RV in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection summarized on Table 1. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients present deficiencies in humoral and cell-mediated immunity that can potentially alter the course and severity of common infections. [9] Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), some HIV patients, especially those with impaired antigen specific responses, may remain at risk for morbidity associated with respiratory viral infections. [9] Additional risk factors for the infections in HIV patients are active smoking and chronic lung comorbidities. The objective of this article is to review the main RV that cause CAP in HIV patients and to discuss their epidemiologies, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatments. EPIDEMIOLOGY Approximately, 100 million cases of viral pneumonia are reported in adults annually. [2] Recent studies of CAP in adult population demonstrated that approximately 1-30% of the cases are caused by RV; influenza viruses

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