ZusammenfassungDie digitale Kieferorthopädie erfuhr besonders in den letzten Jahren sowohl in der Diagnostik als auch in der Therapie großen Zuspruch. Digitale Kiefermodelle können entweder direkt mittels Einscannen der Gipsmodelle oder indirekt mittels Intraoralscan erstellt werden. Auf längere Sicht setzt sich hier sicherlich das Intraoralscanning durch. Die digitalisierten und gegenseitig registrierten Kiefermodelle können mit ausgereiften Softwaretools mittlerweile sehr genau und ohne zeitlichen Mehraufwand ausgewertet werden. Zudem ergeben sich zahlreiche neue Applikationsmöglichkeiten, wie z. B. die Integration mit 3D-Gesichtsscans für dento-faziale 3D-Analysen. Auch das digitale Setup von Kiefermodellen zur Behandlungssimulationen, z. B. bei der Fragestellung Ex- oder Non-Ex-Therapie oder vor kieferchirurgisch-kieferorthopädisch kombinierter Behandlung, ist ein attraktives Anwendungsfeld. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich durch die Verfügbarkeit von digitalen Kiefermodellen faszinierende therapeutische Anwendungen, z. B. im Bereich des indirekten Bracketings oder der Alignertherapie, die in diesem mehr diagnostisch fokussierten Beitrag jedoch nicht näher thematisiert werden.
Purpose Superimposition of digital dental-arch models allows quantification of orthodontic tooth movements (OTM). Currently, this procedure requires stable reference surfaces usually only present in the maxilla. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of a novel superimposition approach based on biomechanical principles of OTM and the equilibrium of forces and moments (EFM)—applicable in both jaws—for monitoring and simulating large OTM. Methods The study included 7 patients who had undergone extraction of the first (PM1-Ex) or second (PM2-Ex) premolar in each quadrant. Digital models taken at start and end of the T‑Loop treatment phase were superimposed by applying 3 EFM variants differing in the number of teeth used for registration. Maxillary OTM results for EFM were validated against those for a conventional surface registration method (SRM). In an additional case study, OTM were simulated for PM1-Ex, PM2-Ex and non-extraction treatment strategies. Results The EFM variant that included all teeth of the dental arch achieved the highest accuracy, with median translational and rotational OTM deviations from SRM of only 0.37 mm and 0.56°, respectively. On average, retracted canines and first premolars were distalized by 3.0 mm, accompanied by 6.2° distal crown tipping and 12.2° distorotation. The share of space closure by molar mesialization was 19.4% for PM1-Ex quadrants and 34.5% for PM2-Ex quadrants. Conclusion EFM allows accurate OTM quantification relative to the maxillary and mandibular bases even in challenging situations involving large OTM. Superimposition of malocclusion and setup models enables realistic simulation of final tooth positions. This may greatly enhance the value of digital setups for decision-making in orthodontic treatment planning.
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