The aim of this study is to examine the volumetric differences of the fronto-temporal region in the offspring of schizophrenic patients in comparison to normal. Twenty-six offspring of chronic schizophrenic patients aged between 8 and 15 years and 23 control children were matched with respect to cranial MRI. Chronic schizophrenic patients were reevaluated with SCID-I to confirm their diagnosis. Parents of children in the control group completed SCL-90-R and were evaluated by clinical interview to exclude any psychotic disorder. The diagnoses of psychiatric disorders in all of the children were established by DSM-IV-based clinical interviews with children and parents. They underwent IQ evaluation by WISC-R and evaluated with cranial MRI. Hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, corpus callosum, frontal, and temporal lobe volumes were measured and compared by using MANCOVA. After covarying whole brain volume, age and gender, statistically significant decrease in the measurements of corpus callosum and hippocampi, and a non-significant trend toward smaller temporal lobes were observed in the high-risk children. The structure of hippocampal formation and corpus callosum were impaired in the children of the schizophrenic patients which suggests a neurodevelopmental abnormality in subjects with genetic high risk for schizophrenia.

Both the mental and the physical health of children were found to be negatively affected, by having to work at an early age, and by long working hours. For this reason, immediate and direct intervention should be taken to eradicate child labor, and protect children from unsafe and exploitative working conditions.

BackgroundStudies consistently found remarkable rates of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in children with chronic diseases. But, only one study had searched PTSS in children with diabetes, until now. So, the present study aimed to examine incidence rate and predictors of PTSS in children with type 1 diabetes.MethodPTSS were evaluated by Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index in fifty four children with diabetes (aged between 8–18 years). This assessment was based on hypoglycaemia as the potential traumatic event. Children were also introduced a brief questionnaire about demographic and disease related information. Some other information was obtained from families, medical stuff and records. Among 54 children, forty two had complete information. Hence, to evaluate possible predictive factors related with PTSS, multiple regression analysis was conducted for 42 children.Results18.5% of children were reported PTSS at severe or very severe level, and 51.9% were reported PTSS at moderate level or above. Multiple regression analyses were shown that child PTSS were not significantly related with possible predictive factors other than number of hypoglycaemic attacks for the last month.ConclusionThe study results support that posttraumatic stress symptoms are not rarely seen in paediatric patients with diabetes, and even if not severe, hypoglycaemic attacks may be perceived as traumatic by the children with diabetes. But, because of some limitations, the results should be carefully interpreted.

About 84.51% of the schools returned forms covering 64,103 children. Five hundred and twenty six of these children were thought to have symptoms of SM by their teachers. After their DSM-IV based clinical evaluation by a child and adolescent psychiatrist, only 21 children were diagnosed as SM. Among the SM group, three were in the kindergarten, 15 were in the first grade and three were in the second grade. Twelve of the children were male and nine were female (male: female ratio is 1.3:1). In this cross-sectional study, 0.83% of children were reported to have SM symptoms by their teachers. After the clinical evaluation of these children, the prevalence rate of SM was found to be 0.033%.

T Th he e e ef ff fe ec ct t o of f l la ab bo ou ur r o on n p ph hy ys si ic ca al l g gr ro ow wt th h o of f c ch hi il ld dr re en n: :C Co om mp pa ar ri is so on n o of f t th he e r re es su ul lt ts s o of f t tw wo o s st tu ud di ie es s c co on nd du uc ct te ed d i in n ‹ ‹z zm mi it t N Ni il la ay y E Et ti il le er r, , Ç Çi i¤ ¤d de em m Ç Ça a¤ ¤l la ay ya an n , , F Fi il li iz z M Mi in ne e Ç Çi iz zm me ec ci io o¤ ¤l lu u* *, , C Ca av vi it t I Ifl fl› ›k k Y Ya av vu uz z , , fi fiü ük kr rü ü H Ha at tu un n* O Or ri ig gi in na al l A Ar rt ti ic cl le e S Su um mm ma ar ry y Aim: The study was carried out to determine the effect of labour on physical growth of children.Material and Method: Data were derived from two different cross-sectional studies conducted on two representative samples of school children and of child workers in Apprenticeship School in ‹zmit. Children of similar age groups were taken from the data of both studies and 401 students and 243 child workers between the ages of 15,0 and 17,9 were compared. Some anthropometric indices such as z-scores of height for age, weight for age and body-mass index (BMI) were used to compare the working children and the students.Results: When height and weight scores for each age group were compared, no difference was found between the working children and the students at 15 years old. However both indices were lower in the working children compared to the students at 16-17 years-old (p<0.05). On the other hand, BMI z-scores were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions:In conclusion, both height and weight of the working children were effected negatively especially at older ages, the working children were shorter and more underweight compared to their non-working peers. However, BMI index which is frequently used in adolescence could not reveal the negative influence on the working children. (Turk Arch Ped 2011; 46: 105-10)