This research investigated different blends of spirulina waste (SW), chicken viscera meal (CVM) and housefly maggot meal (HMM) as alternative protein sources on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Triplicate groups of male fish (initial mean weight, 6.09±0.5g) were fed a commercial feed Skretting (SK), fish meal (FM) based-diet D0 (30%FM), diet D1 (FM+SW+HMM), diet D2 (FM+SW+CVM), diet D3 (FM+HMM+CVM) and diet D4 (SW+HMM+CVM) for 84 days. Diets were isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isoenergetic (19 KJ/g gross energy). No effects were found on survival rate and body protein content of fish fed experimental diets. Specific growth rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed D0 and SK did not differ significantly from those fed diet D3. These parameters were significantly lower in fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). Feed intake significantly decreased in fish fed diet D1 and D2 while PER obtained did not differ than those fed control diets. The higher profit index was recorded in the tested diets and the lower in the control diets. The results of this study indicate that fishmeal level for O. niloticus could be reduced to 5 % by inclusion of CVM and HMM in combination.

This study was designed to evaluate spirulina wastes and live housefly maggot as partial replacement for fishmeal in the diets of Nile Tilapia. Four isonitrogenous (35%) and isocaloric (17-18 KJ.g-1) diets were evaluated: commercial diet Skretting SK, control diet CD (30% fishmeal), and two others diets (SW and LM), corresponding to spirulina wastes and live housefly maggot inclusion respectively. Diets were hand-fed thrice daily to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation. After 12 weeks, the final weight and feed intake of fish fed diet CD and SK did not differ from those fed diets LM, but were higher than those fed SW diet (p<0.05). However, inclusion of SW had no effect on feed utilization. No significant differences were found in survival, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor among the treatments (p>0.05). Whole-body protein contents were similar in all groups, whereas the lipid content was lower in SW group. It was concluded that a 62.56 % fishmeal protein could be replaced by live maggot in the diet of Nile Tilapia without negative effects on growth performances and quality of fish produced.

Aims: The feeding trials were conducted to compare the effects of partial fishmeal replacement by two different animal protein sources on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and body composition of juvenile Nile tilapia. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Aquaculture Research Center, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi for a period of 84 days. Methodology: Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing fishmeal (CD), chicken viscera meal (CVM) and housefly maggot meal (HMM), as partial fishmeal replacement. Commercial diet Skretting (SK) was used as reference diet. All male Oreochromis niloticus with an average initial body weight of 8.65 g were fed thrice a day to apparent satiation. Each treatment was randomly attributed to three replicates. Results: Fish fed all experimental diets showed no effects (P>.05) on survival rate (91.33-96.00 %), condition factor (1.85-1.9), protein efficient ratio (2.05-2.37) and feed conversion ratio (1.21-1.40), although higher values were observed with control diets. Final mean weight and daily weight gain of fish fed HMM diet (88.31 g ; 0.95 g. days-1) were not significantly different from those fed control diets C (88.54 g; 0.95 g/j) and Sk (87.59 g; 0.94 g/j) respectively. Growth performances significantly decreased (P<.05) in CVM group (75.09 g; 0.75 ± g/j). Whole-body protein contents were similar in all groups, whereas lipid content was highest in those fed CVM. Conclusion: The results indicated that 200 g fishmeal per kilo diet can be successfully replaced with 250 g.Kg-1 of HMM without adverse effect on growth and feed utilization whereas CVM inclusion did not perform also well.

Trans-fat consumption is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. With the 'REPLACE' action plan of the World Health Organization, which aims to zero global trans-fat consumption by 2023, steps are taken by the countries of the world to zero trans-fat. In this article, trans-fat content information of packaged food products was researched in Türkiye. Trans-fat content was classified into 4 categories and a total of 1411 packaged food products divided into 11 categories were examined and it was found that 71.2% of them contained trans-fat-free content. According to the label information, the usage rate of 'no trans-fat or trans-fat free' statements in all categories is 25%. In addition, it was determined that 7.1% of these products used vague expressions that did not provide clear information about trans-fat content. When evaluated in general, the use of alternative substitutes should be encouraged and effective policies should be developed in order to eliminate trans fat in Türkiye as well as in the rest of the world.