We used high-precision radial velocity measurements of FGKM stars to determine the occurrence of giant planets as a function of orbital separation spanning 0.03-30 au. Giant planets are more prevalent at orbital distances of 1-10 au compared to orbits interior or exterior of this range. The increase in planet occurrence at ∼1 au by a factor of ∼4 is highly statistically significant. A fall-off in giant planet occurrence at larger orbital distances is favored over models with flat or increasing occurrence. We measure -+ 14.1 1.8 2.0 giant planets per 100 stars with semimajor axes of 2-8 au and -+ 8.9 2.4 3.0 giant planets per 100 stars in the range 8-32 au, a decrease in occurrence with increasing orbital separation that is significant at the ∼2σ level. We find that the occurrence rate of sub-Jovian planets (0.1-1 Jupiter masses) is also enhanced for 1-10 au orbits. This suggests that lower-mass planets may share the formation or migration mechanisms that drive the increased prevalence near the water-ice line for their Jovian counterparts. Our measurements of cold gas giant occurrence are consistent with the latest results from direct imaging surveys and gravitational lensing surveys despite different stellar samples. We corroborate previous findings that giant planet occurrence increases with stellar mass and metallicity. Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Exoplanets (498); Exoplanet astronomy (486); Exoplanet catalogs (488); Surveys (1671); Radial velocity (1332); Exoplanet detection methods (489); Extrasolar gaseous planets (2172); Extrasolar gaseous giant planets (509)
We present the discovery of two planets orbiting the nearby (D=11.9 pc) K7 dwarf Gl 414A. Gl 414A b is a sub-Neptune mass planet with = -+ M i sin 7.60 b b 2.19 2.44 M ⊕ and a semimajor axis of 0.23±0.01 au. Gl 414A c is a sub-Saturn mass planet with = -+ M i sin 53.83 c c 8.58 9.18 M ⊕ and a semimajor axis of 1.43±0.06 au. We jointly analyzed radial velocity data from Keck/HIRES and the Automated Planet Finder at Lick Observatory, as well as photometric data from KELT, to detect the two planets and two additional signals related to the rotationally modulated activity and the long-term magnetic activity cycle of the star. The outer planet in this system may be a potential candidate for future direct-imaging missions.
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