Purpose Many higher education institutions are investigating the possibility of developing predictive student success models that use different sources of data available to identify students that might be at risk of failing a course or program. The purpose of this paper is to review the methodological components related to the predictive models that have been developed or currently implemented in learning analytics applications in higher education. Design/methodology/approach Literature review was completed in three stages. First, the authors conducted searches and collected related full-text documents using various search terms and keywords. Second, they developed inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify the most relevant citations for the purpose of the current review. Third, they reviewed each document from the final compiled bibliography and focused on identifying information that was needed to answer the research questions Findings In this review, the authors identify methodological strengths and weaknesses of current predictive learning analytics applications and provide the most up-to-date recommendations on predictive model development, use and evaluation. The review results can inform important future areas of research that could strengthen the development of predictive learning analytics for the purpose of generating valuable feedback to students to help them succeed in higher education. Originality/value This review provides an overview of the methodological considerations for researchers and practitioners who are planning to develop or currently in the process of developing predictive student success models in the context of higher education.

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The icosahedral [M@Pb 12 ] 3À (M = Co(1), Rh(2), Ir(3)) cluster ions were prepared from K 4 Pb 9 and Co(dppe)Cl 2 (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)/[Rh(PPh 3 ) 3 Cl]/[Ir-(cod)Cl] 2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), respectively,i nt he presence of 18-crown-6/ 2,2,2-cryptand in ethylenediamine/toluene solvent mixtures. The [K(2,2,2-cryptand)] + salt of 1 and the [K(18-crown-6)] + salt of 3 were characterized via X-ray crystallography; the ions 1 and 3 are isostructural and isoelectronic to the [Rh@Pb 12 ] 3À (2)i on as well as to the group 10 clusters [M'@Pb 12 ] 2À (M' = Ni, Pd, Pt). The ions are all 26-electron clusters with nearp erfect icosahedral I h point symmetry.C lusters 1-3 show record downfield 207 Pb NMR chemicals hifts duet os-aromaticity of the cluster framework. Calculated and observed 207 Pb NMR chemical shifts and 207 Pb-x M J-couplings ( x M = 59 Co, 103 Rh, 193 Ir) are in excellent agreement and DFT analysis shows that the variations of 207 Pb NMR chemical shifts for the [M@Pb 12 ] 2, 3À ions (M = Co, Rh, Ir,N i, Pd, Pt) are mainly governed by the perpendicularly oriented s 11 component of the chemical shift anisotropy tensor. The laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (LDI-TOF) mass spectra contain the molecular ions as well as several new gas phase clusters derived from the parents. The DFT-minimized structures of these ions are described.[a] Dr.

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