RésuméLa présente analyse établit un parallèle entre l'agroforesterie française et québécoise en fonction de cinq enjeux fondamentaux : reconnaissance, interdisciplinarité et approche collective ; acquisition et transfert de connaissances ; statut, régle-mentations et financement ; sensibilisation et mobilisation ; support technique et mise en oeuvre sur le terrain. L'information de base provient notamment d'un forum sur l'agroforesterie réalisé par le Centre de référence en agriculture et agroalimentaire du Québec en mars 2010. Principalement pour des raisons environnementales, les haies et les bandes riveraines arborées tendent à se généraliser ; pour leur part, les systèmes agrosylvicoles demeurent moins répandus. Alors qu' en France, la reconnaissance politique est acquise et que de nombreux freins réglementaires ont été levés, au Québec, le statut de l'arbre hors forêt est encore flou, la réglementation restrictive et les programmes non adaptés. Les systèmes agroforestiers fournissent de multiples services écosystémiques, mais un travail reste à accomplir pour les quantifier et pour établir leur potentiel de production agricole et ligneuse.Mots clés : agroforesterie, bande riveraine arborée, haie brise-vent, agrosylviculture, culture intercalaire, stratégie de déve-loppement, France, Québec AbstRActThis analysis draws a parallel between France and Quebec agroforestry in terms of five fundamental issues: recognition, interdisciplinarity and collective approach; knowledge acquisition and transfer; status, regulations and funding; awareness and engagement; and technical support and field implementation. For Quebec, the basic information is taken from an agroforestry forum held by the Centre de référence en agriculture et agroalimentaire du Québec in March 2010. Windbreaks and tree riparian buffers are becoming increasingly common, mainly for environmental reasons, while silvoarable systems remain less common. In France political recognition has been achieved and a number of regulatory restrictions have been lifted; however, in Quebec the status of trees outside forests remains unclear, regulations are restrictive and programs are ill suited. Agroforestry systems perform many ecosystem services, but work remains to be done to quantify them and determine their potential in terms of agricultural and timber production.
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