Several and diverse native populations of wild grapevines have been reported growing in the States of Puebla, Mexico and Morelos, Central Mexico. After collection, successfully rooted vines were planted in Zumpahuacán, State of Mexico, and since 2013, their fruit were analyzed, mainly in relation to berry-weight and sweetness. Recently, the seed oil content was analyzed. Most berries harvested in 2013, 2014 and 2015 weighted less than 1 g and only berries of accession Puebla-41 (P-41) weighted nearly 2.5 g. On the other hand, most berries had lower than 18°B. Four accessions, three native of Puebla and one from Morelos had the higher fruit production (2.5, 1.5 and 1.4; and 0.68 kg per plant) and might be the genetic material proposed to be planted in Zumpahuacán, Mexico. Seed oil analysis confirmed the presence of linoleic acid as the main fatty acid in Central Mexico wild grape seed oil. Nowadays, the extraction of seed oil in Central Mexico native grapes seems to be the better alternative to interest locals and agro-industrial related companies in conserving and cropping this plant genetic resource.
-234 - ResumenMéxico es uno de los centros de origen del género Vitis. Actualmente, en el banco de germoplasma de Zumpahuacán, México, se cuenta con más de 70 accesiones de Vitis de los estados de México, Puebla y Morelos. Para la conservación, selección y mejoramiento de las plantas de este género, es necesaria la caracterización de los diferentes párametros de calidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la variación en el tamaño, y dulzor de bayas, durante tres años continuos, de las accesiones de Vitis spp. denominadas E-15, E-9, E-201 y E-200 (Estado de México); P-57, P-178 y P-180 (Puebla) y Mo-45 (Morelos), en Zumpahuacán, México. En cada ciclo anual, se seleccionaron las 50 bayas más grandes de cada accesión y se determinó peso, largo y ancho del fruto, número de semillas por fruto y contenido de sólidos solubles totales (SST). Se cuantificó la temperatura promedio durante los tres meses anteriores a la cosecha para determinar el efecto de este factor en el dulzor del fruto. El peso y tamaño (ancho y largo) del fruto, así como su contenido de SST y número de semillas variaron (P < 0.05) entre accesiones y años de estudio. Sin embargo, durante los años de estudio, el número de semillas por fruto fue constante en cuatro de las ocho accesiones. En promedio, los frutos de E-200 y Mo-45 pesaron más de 0.5 g; mientras que las bayas de P-57, que fueron las más grandes (P < 0.05), prácticamente alcanzaron un gramo de peso. Los frutos de las 5 accesiones restantes no superaron 0.5 g de peso por fruto; concordando con lo reportado para especies de origen Américano. El contenido de SST promedio varió de 11 a 17°B durante los tres años. Cuando se presentó la temperatura más baja durante el desarrollo de los frutos, en cinco de las ocho accesiones, se obtuvo el menor contenido de SST.Palabras Clave: Parámetros de calidad, bayas silvestres, recurso fitogenético, Vitaceae. Recepción: 05-07-2016Aceptación: 15-09-2016 of the genus Vitis, it is necessary to characterize each of the plant quality components. The objective of present work was to determine the size and sweetness of berries of accessions E-15, E-9, E-201 and E-202 (State of México); P-57, P-178 and P-180 (Puebla); and Mo-45 (Morelos) in three continuous seasons under Zumpahuacán environmental conditions. In each season, we selected the higher 50 berries from each accession and it was determined their weight, height and width, numer of seeds per fruit and the content of total soluble solids (TSS). The average temperature in the three months previous to harvest was calculated in order to determine the effect of this factor in berry sweetness. Fruit weight, width and height as well as TSS and number of seeds per fruit were different (P < 0.05) along the years of study and among accessions.However, during the three years, the number of seeds per fruit was constant in four of the eight accessions. The three-year berry weight average indicates that fruits of accessions E-200 and Mo-45 were over 0.5 g each, whereas the fruit of accession P-57 were the heavies...
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