In Spanish society, social inequalities continue in connection with diet; however, no data examines whether these inequalities altered during the period of economic crisis. This article aims to analyze trends in inequalities related to adherence to government guidelines concerning healthy diet during the period of economic crisis based on the data obtained from the National Health Surveys conducted by the National Statistics Institute. The approach involves studying first the data from the 2006 survey, shortly before the crisis, and then comparing these with the data from the 2011–2012 survey. Applying models of logistic regression shows that certain social inequalities were accentuated by the crisis. However, the general and widespread pattern of eating habits does not disappear in times of crisis. Inequalities are more commonly seen when socioeconomic factors affect foods that the guidelines indicate should be eaten daily. However, with respect to more expensive products, socioeconomic factors did not have so much negative effect on how far a healthy diet was followed because it is recommended that consumption of these foods should be limited. The results suggest that food policy should have specific focuses during times of economic recession.

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Los estudios cuantitativos sobre la juventud rural constatan una preferencia de las mujeres jóvenes por el abandono del medio rural. Hemos querido explorar aquí los aspectos cualitativos del desarraigo femenino. Las mujeres rurales que hemos estudiado, de una comarca del Principado de Asturias, viven en una sociedad abierta y global y se ven afectadas por esta apertura, por lo que conforman una percepción de la ruralidad que es nueva. En este escenario, las jóvenes deben tomar decisiones sobre su futuro, deben decidir si permanecer o marchar del territorio donde han nacido. Hemos encontrado mujeres que tienden al arraigo y otras que se orientan hacia el desarraigo, pero todas ellas se han visto afectadas por un conjunto de factores idénticos, característicos de una sociedad rural en transformación. En este artículo constatamos que las jóvenes hacen una análisis diferente de una misma realidad social. De momento, las mujeres que han optado por el arraigo reconocen decidir a contracorriente; de forma poco objetiva, al margen de las opciones más visibles y dominantes de inserción social y laboral. Aún así, son ellas quienes nos están dando las claves para comprender de qué modo el medio rural puede convertirse en la mejor opción, pues estas jóvenes construyen su propia identidad en torno a la ruralidad. Palabras clave: mujer rural, desarraigo femenino, arraigo, identidad rural.

The so-called Mediterranean diet is not simply a collection of foodstuffs but an expression of the culture of the countries of the south of Europe, declared Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. Despite the link between food and culture, little has been studied about how diet contributes to the well-being of the population. This article aims to analyze the association between subjective well-being and the eating habits of the Spanish population in order to gain a better understanding of the subjective well-being that food culture produces. For this study, we used a representative sample of the Spanish adult population from a survey by the Sociological Research Center (CIS 2017). Three indicators of subjective well-being were used: perceived health, life satisfaction, and feeling of happiness. The independent variables relating to eating habits considered in the analysis were, among others, how often meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, and sweets were consumed; how the food was prepared; how often meals were eaten out at restaurants or cafés and how often they were eaten with family or friends. Other independent variables related to lifestyle habits were also included in the analysis, in particular, physical exercise and body mass index. We used ordinal logistic regressions and multiple linear regression models. Our findings coincide in large measure with those obtained in earlier studies where perceived health and income play a key role in evaluating subjective well-being. In turn, several variables related to lifestyle habits, such as consuming sweets and fruits, social interaction around meals, exercising, and body mass index, were also associated with subjective well-being.

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