We investigated the effect of dynamic motor imagery (dMI) combined with physical practice on free throw performances of advanced basketball players in two conditions: With and without a video of a model. They performed a pre-test, participated in 5-weeks of intervention sessions, and performed a post-test. During pre-test and post-test, they performed 10-free throws followed by the "Evan Fournier test": Maximum number of sequences of two consecutive free throws and round trips to the midfield and shot zone in 45-seconds. During intervention sessions, they were assigned to Control, Imagery or Model+imagery groups and performed five blocks of two free throws. Before each block, they watched a video and performed countdown or dMI. The results revealed that the Imagery and Model+imagery groups had higher free throw performances in the post-test than in the pre-test. At the posttest, the Model+Imagery group made more consecutive shots in the onfield-test Evan Fournier than the two other groups.

The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively and qualitatively examine whether claimed self-handicapping is increased in a performance motivational climate (PMC) compared with a mastery motivational climate (MMC) within a strictly controlled tropical environment. Participants completed measures of self-handicapping using open-ended questions before a physical test. The analyses revealed that (a) participants who engage in self-handicapping strategy were more numerous, (b) the number of self-handicap reported self-handicap score were greater, (c) participants who engage in self-handicapping strategy reported more impediments in the PMC as compared with MMC. Information about the nature of self-handicapping claims is also provided.