The as-plated surfaces of cobalt electrodeposits obtained using various combinations of the common plating variables as well as some thinned foils of these samples were studied. The basal plane was found to be predominantly perpendicular to the substrate leading to <1120> and <1010> fiber axes. Structural features associated with each fiber axis are explained in terms of crystal symmetry and twinning. Using the concepts of free and inhibited outgrowth it was not possible to predict the structure resulting from plating under a given set of variables. The cubic phase of cobalt was observed after deposition at room temperature and low pH. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 169.230.243.252 Downloaded on 2015-02-02 to IP Vol. 113, No. 5 DEPOSITION MODES OF COBALT ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 169.230.243.252 Downloaded on 2015-02-02 to IP

The purpose of this article is to alert our peers on the danger faced by those who carry out experiments involving molten ammonium dinitramide (ADN). In recent experiments aiming at preparing submicron particles of this compound, a preliminary study of the sensitivity to impact of molten ADN was performed. These first tests have shown that the sensitivity threshold of molten ADN to impact is more than one order of magnitude lower that the one on solid ADN (< 0.25 J vs. 4 J) and similar to the one of nitroglycerin (< 0.25 J), making liquid ADN extremely hazardous to handle. Detonation tests, which were performed in strong steel sheaths open to one end, have shown that the initiation of the detonation and its subsequent propagation occur both in solid and liquid ADN charges, having a diameter of only 4 mm. The critical diameter of solid ADN which is between 25 and 40 mm according to literature, is therefore decreased by at least an order of magnitude when ADN is placed in strong metallic confinement. On the other hand, the detonation of liquid ADN produces stronger destructive effects than the detonation of solid ADN, meaning that the detonation mechanisms of this explosive are different in its two physical states. In conclusion, liquid ADN must be considered in practice as a more hazardous and powerful explosive than solid ADN. This raises the issue of all experiments in which ADN is likely to be formed in molten state.

This article reports on a new family of detonating compositions in which ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is used as an explosive oxidizer, and red phosphorus (P r ) or titanium hydride (TiH 2 ) as fuels. At optimized ADN/fuel ratios, these compositions have typical explosion heats higher than 7 kJ/g, detonation velocities in 3 mm diameter tubes ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 km/s at~40 % of their theoretical maximum density, with a run to detonation distance between 20 and 40 mm. Both compositions are insensitive to electrostatic discharge, but are very sensitive to impact and friction, ADN/P r mixtures being the most sensitive to these stress. The shockwave released by the reaction of these materials, efficiently initiates the detonation of high explosives such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) or hexogen (RDX). In view of these characteristics, ADN-based detonating compositions must be considered as "green" substitutes for primary explosives containing heavy metals.

The pyrotechnic compositions made up of potassium perchlorate (KClO 4 ) and titanium hydride (TiH 2 ), known as THKP, have a fast deflagration velocity (~500 m/s), along with low sensitivity and high stability. In this research, a new kind of THKP was formulated from a submicron powder of KClO 4 (50-400 nm) prepared by the Spray Flash-Evaporation (SFE) process. The use of fine KClO 4 not only ensures better oxidation of TiH 2 , but also leads to a transition to detonation in the THKP. This transition is observed in loose powders placed in small diameter tubes (3 mm). The distance of transition is relatively short (17-22 mm) and increases with the KClO 4 content of the THKP mixture. The detonation front propagates steadily, at a velocity of~1250 m/s in THKP powders with 86 % of porosity. The shockwave velocity varies little with the perchlorate content in the domain of composition studied (55-74 wt.% of KClO 4 ). Conversely, in the classical THKP mixtures prepared from micron-sized KClO 4 and tested in the same conditions, no transition to detonation is observed; the combustion slows down and eventually stops. Finally, owing to their high sensitivity thresholds to impact (S Imp. � 44.7 J), friction (S Fr. � 192 N), and electrostatic discharge (S ESD � 34.7 mJ), THKP mixtures prepared from submicron KClO 4 can be classified as low-sensitivity primary explosives.