The morbidity of surgical treatment in patients with giant liver hemangioma were similar to those obtained in patients followed-up without treatment. Therefore, follow-up without treatment is preferred in most patients. Thus, minimally invasive embolisation is an alternative and effective treatment for giant symptomatic haemangioma of the liver.

Endovascular reconstructive treatment of a ruptured BA using a flow-diverting device is a promising strategy that can be performed with acceptable clinical and good radiological results.

Hematogenous metastases to the calvarium can be caused by nearly all types of tumors (8). Most metastatic skull lesions being asymptomatic and less important clinically than intraparenchymal metastatic lesions, they are rarely diagnosed clinically but are frequently found in autopsies. Literature on the skull tumors consists mostly of individual case reports and a scarce number of case series. Only a few articles are available on skull metastases, especially calvarial metastases (3,4,13,15,16). Calvarial metastases signify an advanced stage of disease (16). █ INTRODUCTIONT umors of various organs and tissues that tend to metastasize to bony structures do not neglect the skull vault as a target. There are autopsy series of carcinoma breast cases reporting occasional skull metastases even from the end of 18 th century. Today and in the near future, we may expect more cases with skull metastasis as a result of advanced radiological imaging and prolonged survival of cancer patients. AIM:Tumors of various organs that metastasize to bone do not neglect calvarium as a target. The aim of this study was to characterize the calvarial tumors. MATERIAL and METhODS:We retrospectively reviewed 45 consecutive patients operated for calvarial masses from January 2002 till May 2012 at our hospital. Skull base tumors and patients ≤18 years were excluded. RESULTS:Three groups of lesions were found -calvarial metastases (15/45), primary tumors (5/45) and tumor-like lesions (25/45). Malignant lesions were equitable by gender distribution, higher age of onset (median age of primary =55; secondary = 60 years) and benign lesions by younger age (median = 35) and female bias (18/25). Calvarial metastases mostly presented with local swelling (10/15), local pain (6/15) and rarely neurologic deficit. There was associated dural sinus thrombosis (4/20 of malignant; 1/25 of benign lesions) and osteolysis (3/5 primary malignant, 13/15 secondary and 18/25 of benign lesions). Complete surgical excision was possible with minimal morbidity in all except one patient and nil mortality. CONCLUSION:Nearly half (20/45) of the calvarial lesions tend to be malignant with most of them presenting as silent painless masses. Surgical excision should be considered only after suitable investigation and appropriate neurosurgical set-up.

TAE is a feasible, effective, and safe technique in both the short- and long-term for the treatment of IBH.

BackgroundThe circle of Willis is a major collateral pathway important in ischemic conditions. The aim of our study was to assess the structural characteristics of the circle of Willis within the Turkish adult population, along with variations and arteries involved in the measurement of diameters and lengths on cranial computed tomography angiography (CTA).Material/MethodsOne hundred adult patients who underwent CTA images were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsResults of the study revealed 82% adult, 17% fetal, and 1% transitional configurations. A complete polygonal structure was observed in 28% of cases. Variations of the circle of Willis were more common in the posterior portion. Hypoplasia was found to be the most common variation and was observed as a maximum in the posterior communicating artery (AComP).ConclusionsThe patency and size of arteries in the circle of Willis are important in occlusive cerebrovascular diseases and cerebrovascular surgery. Although CTA is an easily accessible non-invasive clinical method for demonstrating the vascular structure, CTA should be evaluated taking into account image resolution quality and difficulties in the identification of small vessels.