This study examined the degradation of sulfentrazone in Arenic Hapludult soil, such soil being representative of regions where sulfentrazone is used in Brazil. Soil samples were supplemented with the herbicide [0.7 µg active ingredient (a.i.) g − 1 soil] and maintained at 27°C. The soil moisture content was corrected to 30, 70 or 100% of water holding capacity (WHC). Herbicide-free soil samples were used as controls. Aliquots were taken after 14, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 255 days of incubation for the quantitative analysis of sulfentrazone residues by gas chromatography. Another experiment was conducted using soil samples with and without herbicide, submitted to different temperatures of 15, 30 and 40°C, and kept at a constant value for WHC of 70% . The sulfentrazone residues were quantified by gas chromatography after 14, 30, 60 and 120 days of incubation. The potential degrader microorganisms were isolated and identified. A half-life of 172.4 days was estimated at 27°C and 70% WHC. The microorganisms identified as potential degraders of the herbicide were Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Chrysosporium sp., Eupenicillium sp., Metarhizium sp. and Paecilomyces sp. After 120 days, temperature had no further effect (P b 0.16) on sulfentrazone degradation, and the soil moisture content had no effect on degradation at any time.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a degradabilidade do regulador de crescimento vegetal paclobutrazol em solo. Os solos foram coletados em regiões representativas de plantios comerciais de manga para exportação, em Petrolina, PE e em Lins, SP. Culturas bacterianas mistas, isoladas destas amostras de solo foram avaliadas quanto à sua capacidade degradativa em meio de cultura líquido suplementado com paclobutrazol. A determinação dos resíduos do regulador de crescimento, realizada a partir do 15 o dia de incubação e quantificada por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência demonstrou que o paclobutrazol é lentamente degradado e apresenta meia-vida de 95 dias.Termos para indexação: regulador de crescimento vegetal, meia-vida, bactérias, microrganismos. Paclobutrazol degradation in tropical soilsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the degradability of paclobutrazol in soil. Soil samples were collected in orchards of two main mango production regions for exportation, at Petrolina, PE and Lins, SP, Brazil. Blended bacteria cultures, isolated from the soil samples, were assessed in liquid culture medium enriched with paclobutrazol, to verify its degradative capability. Quantification of growth regulator residues by high performance liquid chromatography was performed 15 days after application of the compound, and showed that the paclobutrazol is slowly degraded and presents half-life of 95 days.
Os fungicidas sistêmicos do grupo dos benzimidazóis são amplamente utilizados no controle de muitas doenças de plantas, tanto no solo como na parte aérea, e isso tem sido causa de contaminação ambiental. A ação de alguns microorganismos contribui para degradação e perda da atividade biológica desses fungicidas, podendo reduzir, dessa forma, o risco de impactos negativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar fungos com potencial para degradar benomil e seu produto de hidrólise, carbendazim, e quantificar o potencial de degradação. Fungos foram isolados de três diferentes solos da região de agricultura irrigada do município de Guaíra, SP, com histórico de aplicação intensiva de fungicidas benzimidazóis. Dentre os fungos isolados, Alternaria alternata foi a linhagem menos afetada pelo aumento na concentração de benomil no meio de cultura. Na concentração máxima (100 mig mL-1) a inibição da taxa de crescimento de A. alternata foi 22%, enquanto nas demais linhagens foi superior a 45%. Em meio de cultura líquido suplementado com carbendazim, a taxa de crescimento em biomassa de A. alternata foi 43% maior do que a no meio sem carbendazim, o que indica o consumo do fungicida como fonte de carbono. A. alternata degradou rapidamente o fungicida, chegando a 66,21% de desaparecimento do produto em dois dias. A meia-vida de carbendazim nessas condições foi de 1,16 dias.
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