The political transformation of Spain into one of the world's leading democracies is well established, yet little is known about the differences between men and women's behaviour, experience and achievements during that process. How much did the women's movement contribute to this transformation? How far have policy advocates successfully integrated gender equality into key spheres of public life? Have power relations between women and men been re-balanced? Gendering Spanish Democracy adopts an innovative approach, critically reviewing key institutional processes, policies and systems to reveal the way they function to promote or obstruct gender equity. Both the transition to democracy, equality law reform, and the social welfare re gime are put to the test. The groundbreaking efforts of policy-makers to combat the violence, sexual harassment and low political participation that are intrinsic to women's experience are scrutinised, and the constraints on equality in the field of employment and the family critically investigated.The authors conclude that the recent re-balancing of the gender order in Spain is unexpected and contradictory, being ultimately more effective in political rather than socio-economic arenas.Gendering Spanish Democracy breaks new ground in applying a systematic gender perspective to the analysis of established democracies, and is the first book in English to reveal the unique features of contemporary Spain's evolving gender order. Gendering Spanish DemocracyThe political transformation of Spain into one of the world's leading democracies is well established, yet little is known about the differences between men and women's behaviour, experience and achievements during that process. How much did the women's movement contribute to this transformation? How far have policy advocates successfully integrated gender equality into key spheres of public life? Have power relations between women and men been re-balanced? Gendering Spanish Democracy adopts an innovative approach, critically reviewing key institutional processes, policies and systems to reveal the way they function to promote or obstruct gender equity. Both the transition to democracy, equality law reform, and the social welfare regime are put to the test. The groundbreaking efforts of policy-makers to combat the violence, sexual harassment and low political participation that are intrinsic to women's experience are scrutinised, and the constraints on equality in the field of employment and the family critically investigated.The authors conclude that the recent re-balancing of the gender order in Spain is unexpected and contradictory, being ultimately more effective in political rather than socio-economic arenas.Gendering Spanish Democracy breaks new ground in applying a systematic gender perspective to the analysis of established democracies, and is the first book in English to reveal the unique features of contemporary Spain's evolving gender order. Special thanks are due to the Spanish women's movement activists who launched the wh...

studied than other topics, such as sexuality, which is a central concern for radical feminists. However, this article makes a conscious effort to present not only Marxist analysis but also other studies undertaken from different theoretical and empirical perspectives. Third, most of the financial support for research on gender and society comes directly or indirectly from the state. Especially since the 1990s, gender researchers have been increasingly busy writing reports for policy makers. Public authorities have thus been able to privilege their preferences and influence the field of gender analysis.This short article is not exhaustive but rather provides a general picture of the state of sociological research on gender in Spain. I have selected works using three primary criteria. First, the works discussed here typically use gender as the main dimension in the analysis of the Spanish society in the democratic period . Works that deal with other topics, but use gender as one of many variables, are not included here because this type of research remains very rare in Spain. Second, only published works are included. Third, all of the publications are based on empirical research.1 Scholarship on gender in Spanish society differs from research on gender and society undertaken in the United States in at least six ways. As I describe below, most Spanish works (1) are macrosociological and descriptive, (2) are not comparative, (3) lack sophisticated quantitative analysis, (4) lack a systematic international perspective, (5) do not follow the American style of publication, and (6) do not have to pass severe quality filters in order to be published.A significant proportion of studies on gender in Spanish society are macrosociological; these analyze the whole society or (more often) social institutions such as education or the economy. Very few works examine small groups where face-to-face interactions take place (such as peer groups) or individual behavior (e.g., cognitive processes). Therefore, most works commented on in this review are descriptive and limited to the documentation of the subordinate position of women in society. There are few explanatory works that analyze why and how women have unequal access to economic rewards, decision-making power, and social prestige. The majority of the studies examined are not comparative, as there is no tradition in Spain of doing comparative studies in social sciences (Uriarte 1997a, 27). Even quantitative research pieces on gender and society are usually descriptive reports (e.g., of the number of women enrolled in university education) and rarely use more complex statistical techniques such as regressions.With relevant exceptions, most research cited in this article does not refer to international studies, discussions, and/or debates. When Spanish scholars make reference to international works, they usually do so to support their hypotheses. Spanish researchers rarely attempt to contribute to international debates and discussions. This is the case not only with research on...

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This article investigates the impact of gender quotas on sport management by analyzing the gender quota established in 2014 in Spain on boards of national sport federations (of at least three women or 33% of board members). Drawing on published and on-line documents and eighty-six interviews of female and male federation board members, I find that the Spanish gender quota increased the proportion of women board members (but not the proportion of women federation presidents). Economic sanctions for non-compliance made the quota effective. The quota had the effect within federations of making gender inequality more visible. Thus, this research concludes that gender quotas have substantial consequences for sport management other than the numerical increment of women managers.