Abstract. Cahyaningsih AP, Deanova AK, Pristiawati CM, Ulumuddin YI, Kusumawati L, Setyawan AD. 2022. Review: Causes and impacts of anthropogenic activities on mangrove deforestation and degradation in Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 12: 12-22. Indonesia is a country with the largest extent of mangroves in the world. However, as the human population increases, the extent and quality of the mangroves decrease. The increasing population is in line with the increase in human activities, leading to deforestation and degradation of the mangrove forests. This paper aimed to review anthropogenic activities that cause mangrove deforestation and degradation in Indonesia and the impacts of such anthropogenic activities on the mangrove ecosystems and formulate the efforts to overcome mangrove deforestation and degradation in the country. Various human activities are the primary drivers of deforestation and degradation of mangroves, including land conversion from mangrove forests into other land uses (e.g., agricultural lands, ponds, infrastructure developments, and human settlements), extractive activities (e.g., mining and logging), and household and industrial activities (e.g., plastic debris, heavy metals pollutants). These anthropogenic factors reduce mangrove forest area, changes in mangrove composition, uneven species abundance, and pollution. Combined with sea-level rise caused by global climate changes, such activities pose devastating threats to Indonesian mangroves. Efforts to overcome these problems include increasing awareness of communities regarding mangrove conservation, conducting mangrove restoration programs, and promoting sustainable management of mangrove, for example, through ecotourism. On top of that, community participation plays an essential role in Indonesia's sustainable management and conservation of mangrove forests.

Abstract. Deanova AK, Pristiawati CM, Aprilia D, Solikah I, Nurcahyati M, Liza N, Partasasmita R, Setyawan AD. 2021. Title. Biodiversitas 22: 4095-4105. Market is one of the most important economic sectors in a country. One type of market is a traditional market that is synonymous with squalid, overcrowded and slum conditions. However, traditional markets provide essential commodities that are relatively cheaper and fresher than modern markets. The purpose of this research was to record the diversity of species and varieties of edible plants traded in Ir. Soekarno Market, a traditional market in Sukoharjo District. Plant commodities observed were vegetables, spices, fruits, and staples sold by the sellers in this market. The method used in this research was qualitative based on the ethnobotany approach. Meanwhile, to collect primary data, several field techniques were used, namely direct observation such as market commodity surveys, trader observations, and trader interviews. The direct survey results showed that the edible plant commodities consisted of 105 plant species representing 28 families. The variations found included 9 types of rice, 4 types of onions, 7 types of bananas, and 9 types of beans. The decline in the number of traded commodities and the lack of visitors was due to the increase in COVID-19 cases in Sukoharjo and disputes between traders and local government. Thus until recently, Ir. Soekarno Market, which was originally the main market full of visitors, became a market that was empty of visitors and traders.