Licorice botanicals are produced
from the roots of Glycyrrhiza species (Fabaceae),
encompassing metabolites of both plant and rhizobial
origin. The composition in both primary and secondary metabolites
(1°/2°Ms) reflects the physiologic state of the plant at
harvest. Interestingly, the relative abundance of 1°Ms vs 2°Ms
in licorice extracts remains undetermined. A centrifugal partition
chromatography (CPC) method was developed to purify liquiritin derivatives
that represent major bioactive 2°Ms and to concentrate the polar
1°Ms from the crude extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. One objective was to determine the purity of the generated reference
materials by orthogonal UHPLC-UV/LC-MS and qHNMR analyses. The other
objectives were to evaluate the presence of 1°Ms in purified
2°Ms and define their mass balance in a crude botanical extract.
Whereas most impurities could be assigned to well-known 1°Ms, p-hydroxybenzylmalonic acid, a new natural tyrosine analogue,
was also identified. Additionally, in the most polar fraction, sucrose
and proline represented 93% (w/w) of all qHNMR-quantified 1°Ms.
Compared to the 2°Ms, accounting for 11.9% by UHPLC-UV, 1°Ms
quantified by qHNMR defined an additional 74.8% of G. uralensis extract. The combined orthogonal methods enable the mass balance
characterization of licorice extracts and highlight the relevance
of 1°Ms, and accompanying metabolites, for botanical quality
control.
Vandaterosides are polar glucosyloxybenzyl eucomate derivatives found in Vanda teres (Orchidaceae), which display biological activities that slow the skin ageing process. In order to obtain larger quantities to allow us to go further in the bioassays, the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts (leaves and stems) of V. teres were fractionated by centrifugal partition chromatography, combining isocratic, gradient, and dual elution modes. The first fractionation was performed on the extract maintained in the stationary phase as water saturated in butanol, while increasing the polarity of the mobile phase by changing the proportions of ethyl acetate/1-butanol/water, in order to obtain two enriched fractions. Vandateroside I was then purified by isocratic mode with ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (46:14:40), while vandateroside II was obtained by combining isocratic elution with ethyl acetate/isopropanol/water (30:20:50) followed by a multiple dual mode with ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (46:14:40). In this manner, hundreds of milligrams of vandateroside I and II were recovered from 10 g of V. teres extract.
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