This scoping review explored the landscape of previous empirical studies that used brain imaging techniques to better understand the neural correlates of emotional well-being (EWB). We aimed to compile evidence on this topic into one accessible and usable document as a foundation for future research into the neural basis of EWB. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. We located relevant articles by searching five electronic databases with 95 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. We explored EWB measures, brain imaging modalities, research designs, populations studied, and approaches that are currently in use to characterize and understand EWB across the literature. Of the key concepts related to EWB, the vast majority of studies investigated life satisfaction, followed by positive affect, mood, or emotion, sense of meaning, goal pursuit, and quality of life. The majority of studies used functional MRI, followed by continuous EEG and event-related potential-based EEG. The neural basis of experienced affect (predominantly positive mood) has been studied significantly more often than evaluative aspects of EWB, on which there is very little research. Our findings suggest that future studies should investigate EWB in more diverse samples, especially in children, individuals with clinical disorders, and individuals from non-Western geographic locations.