Patient: Female, 46Final Diagnosis: Plasmablastic lymphomaSymptoms: Fecal incontinenceMedication: ChemotherapyClinical Procedure: Anal canal biopsySpecialty: Internal medicine • Oncology • RadiologyObjective:Unusual clinical courseBackground:The advent of antiretroviral therapy increased the life expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and, consequently, the morbidity and mortality due to neoplasms. Plasmablastic lymphoma is one such neoplasm that generally presents with involvement of the oral cavity; cases of extra-oral involvement are rare.Case Report:We report a case of plasmablastic lymphoma in a 46-year-old woman for whom the initial clinical manifestation was a painless perineal tumor accompanied by fecal incontinence.Conclusions:The possibility of this neoplasm should be considered in patients with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) because its early diagnosis is essential so that the start of the treatment is not delayed.

No abstract

Patient: Male, 17Final Diagnosis: Burkitt lymphomaSymptoms: Anisocoria, ipsilateral ptosis, opthalmoparesis, paresisMedication: —Clinical Procedure: —Specialty: OncologyObjective:Unusual clinical courseBackground:Burkitt lymphoma rarely affects the central nervous system and ocular region. Under these conditions, computed tomography and (particularly) magnetic resonance imaging of the skull increase the diagnostic accuracy, as they objectively show the topography of lesions and the effect of neoplasia on structures.Case Report:We report here the case of a 17-year-old male whose initial clinical manifestations were related to neurological impairment and to the ocular musculature and ocular innervation. The diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma with leukemization and infiltration of the central nervous system was confirmed.Conclusions:In this case, it is important to recognize that the neuroimaging findings were fundamentally important in indicating the initial form of the disease and in directing the appropriate clinical management.