SITING OF A CENTRAL HEALTHCARE WASTE INCINERATOR USING GIS-BASED MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS This study looks into the problem of poor healthcare waste management in Kenya. Most healthcare facilities lack enforcement of existing legislation for handling, and disposal of health care waste, an issue exacerbated by the fact that regulating bodies lack a systemized oversight plan of ensuring compliance. Improper treatment or disposal of healthcare waste such as openair burning can constitute a significant source of pollution to the environment and a health hazard through the release of substances such as dioxins, furans and mercury. In as much as it is recognized that healthcare facilities lack a commitment to properly handle their waste, one cannot ignore the fact that lack of funds is a major cause for this situation. Regardless of the obstacles present, safe management of healthcare waste is indispensable. This thesis suggests setting up a centralized modern waste incinerator will facilitate in overcoming the problems outlined above. This thesis integrates Geographical Information Systems (GIS) techniques with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis methods to analyse and evaluate potential sites in the Kilifi County of the Kenyan Coast province. The study identified eight potential sites from a spatial analysis. These sites were then analysed using AHP, VIKOR and PROMETHEE. The results obtained were consistent across all three methods and the best site was found to be near the major town of Malindi.

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Goal: this research aims to use the experimental simulation method is to obtain the optimum results by using the simulation technique of the models which are modeled mathematically but not solved. Design/Methodology/Approach: a case study was conducted to apply discrete-event simulation (DES) approach based on design of experiment (DOE) technique to derive strategies and analyze situations in an emergency department (ED). Results: by integrating the DOE approach with the DES technique for the ED, the average waiting time of a patient in a small ED was reduced from 40.09 minutes to 9.83 minutes (75.48%), resulting in a significant result. The number of patients treated was increased from 132 to 147 (11.37%) by increasing the capacity of resources without increasing the number of resources for ED in daily. Additionally, optimum the numbers of resources of the healthcare were calculated to employ in EDs. Limitations of the investigation: there is no shift system for the resources of healthcare in the DES model. Since the ED was considered in this study, the same number of resources were run during the working hours of the DES model. Practical implications: for researches and healthcare professionals, the developed method is used to provide the possibility of obtaining the results which cannot be obtained by mathematical modeling of the healthcare problems. The results of the changes made in health resources on the outputs are obtained by this method as the shortest and lowest cost. Originality/Value: there is almost no detailed study of DES with DOE. Providing high reliability has resulted for the optimum values by integrating the DOE approach with the DES technique in healthcare area. It is very difficult to get accurate results everywhere where the human factor is.

In this research, the advantages of the e-scooter tool used in the mail or package delivery process were discussed by considering the Turkish Post Office (PTT) data in the districts of Istanbul (Kadıköy, Üsküdar, Kartal, and Maltepe) in Turkey. The optimization Poisson regression model was utilized to deliver the maximum number of packages or mails with minimum cost and the shortest time in terms of energy consumption, cost, and environmental contribution. Statistical and optimization results of dependent and independent variables were calculated using numerical and categorical features of 100 e-scooter drivers. The Poisson regression analysis determined that the e-scooter driver’s gender (p|0.05 < 0.199) and age (p|0.05 < 0.679) factors were not effective on the dependent variable. We analysed that the experience in the profession (tenure), the size of the area responsible, and environmental factors is effective in the e-scooter distribution activity. The number of packages delivered was 234 in a day, and the delivery cost per package was calculated as 0.51 TL (Turkish Lira) for the optimum values of the dependent variables. The findings show that the choice of e-scooter vehicle in the mail or package delivery process is beneficial in terms of time, cost, energy, and environmental contribution in districts with higher population density. As the most important result, the operation of e-scooter vehicles with electrical energy shows that it is environmentally friendly and has no CO2 emission. The fact that the distribution of packages or mail should now turn to micro-mobility is emerging with the advantages of e-scooter vehicles in the mail and package delivery. Finally, this analysis aims to provide a model for integrating e-scooters in package or mail delivery to local authorities, especially in densely populated areas.

In the present study, problems in emergency services (ESs) were dealt with by analyzing the working system of ESs in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to reduce the waiting times spent in hospitals by employing advanced nurses (ANs) to treat patients who are not urgent, or who may be treated as outpatients in ESs. By applying discrete-event simulation on a 1/24 (daily) and 7/24 (weekly) basis, and by employing ANs, it was determined that the number of patients that were treated increased by 26.71% on a 1/24 basis, and by 15.13% on a 7/24 basis. The waiting time that was spent from the admission to the ES until the treatment time decreased by 38.67% on a 1/24 basis and 53.66% on a 24/7 basis. Similarly, the length of stay was reduced from 82.46 min to 53.97 min in the ES. Among the findings, it was observed that the efficiency rate of the resources was balanced by the employment of ANs, although it was not possible to obtain sufficient efficiency from the resources used in the ESs prior to the present study.