The spatial and temporal characteristics of the factors influencing metro passenger flow are basic phenomena reflecting the environment-land relationship. Existing studies tend to focus more on the characteristics of metro trips and the static built environment. One of the outstanding contributions of this paper is to expand the scope of the factors influencing the built environment of metro stations and explore the spatial differentiation and pattern characteristics of the static and dynamic environments. This paper provides additional empirical insights into spatiotemporal influencing factors of metro mobility patterns from the dynamic perspective. The results show spatial and temporal heterogeneity between four types of metro stations and their influencing factors. 21.59% of the stations are in in active areas, while the distribution of parking lots has a positive effect on metro passenger flow; 29.55% of the stations belong to integrated residential areas, and the number of residential areas is the dominant factor in such agglomerations; 38.64% of the areas belong to work areas, and such areas have the highest work-related coefficients, but the work variable in the central city has a certain inhibiting effect; 10.23% of the stations are in commercial areas, which are mainly distributed within the central urban area.